How to change the shelf of the vineyard?

How to change the shelf of the vineyard?

Chen Minghong and Xu Binghai, grape bases of Wanlin Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd., Zhouning County, Fujian Province, inspected the Agricultural Science Institute of Haiyan County, Zhejiang Province on April 19, 2016, and saw that the V-shaped horizontal frame of the experimental garden was different from theirs. Teacher Yang Zhiyuan was asked to come to the garden for guidance. Teacher Yang Zhiyuan and three others went to Wanlin Grape Base in Zhouning, Fujian Province on November 21, 2016 to carry out grape shelving practice.

Fig. 1 horizontal scaffolding with overlapping branches and poor ventilation and light transmission

Fig. 2 the distribution of fruit ears in horizontal scaffolding is disorderly, and it takes a lot of work to manage.

Wanlin vineyard began to plant 100 mu of grapes in 2014, there are two kinds of shelves, one kind of double cross V-shaped frame 60 mu, which can standardize the management of vine leaves without changing the frame, and the other kind of horizontal scaffolding of 40 mu, which needs to be changed. The shelves were modified with winter scissors at the end of November 2016.

1 problems encountered in horizontal scaffolding

Horizontal scaffolding grape row spacing 3 meters, plant spacing 1.2 meters, 186 plants per mu. The growth of mother branch and fruit branch is irregular and disorganized. Each plant has 9 fruiting mother branches, 12 at most and 7 at least, 18 fruiting branches, 25 at most and 14 at least, which is very irregular.

The investigation found that this frame type encountered many problems: there was a great difference in the length of mother branch and fruit branch, uneven arrangement of vine leaves, more overlap of branches and leaves, poor ventilation and light transmission (figure 1), irregular fruit coloring and different ripening time; it is difficult to wipe, fix and coring, and it is difficult to increase the amount of work, and it is difficult to regulate pruning in winter. Due to the overlap of vines and leaves, part of the shelf surface is closed, poor ventilation and light transmission, it is easy to induce diseases such as gray mold; ears are distributed in the sky under the shelf, and ear management is more labor-intensive (figure 2); pesticides need to be sprayed on the whole shelf to increase the dosage; the horizontal shelf surface is low, the management and operation of vine, leaf and fruit is inconvenient, it is difficult for people, reduce the efficiency and increase the labor cost.

2 horizontal scaffolding is changed into V-shaped horizontal scaffolding

(1) the horizontal frame of 1.7 meters remains unchanged, and the vertical and horizontal wire drawing on the shelf surface remains unchanged.

(2) pull one wire on each side of the grape column 1.5 meters from the ground (20 cm from the horizontal shelf surface) (figure 3).

Fig. 3 pull one wire on each side 1.5 meters from the ground, select the high-quality branch and tie it to the two wires.

Fig. 4 combined with winter cutting and tree thinning

(3) choose the high-quality fruit branch to be bent and tied to the two strands of the new cloth as the fruit mother branch. The mother branches of the two wiredrawing are bent and bound, there is no overlap, no space is left, the excess branches are cut off, and there will be enough flowers in the next year. As a result, when the mother branch is bent, the vine should be flattened, such as the uneven branch should be tied with plastic tape.

(4) combined thinning (figure 4). In practice, the mother branch of the fruit tree can lay the surface of the frame. The number of trees per mu decreased from 186 to 93.

3 benefits of V-shaped horizontal frame

In the grape experimental garden of the Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Haiyan County, Zhejiang Province, the V-shaped horizontal frame studied in 2006 (figure 5) has been popularized in production. After 10 years of practice, it has many advantages over horizontal scaffolding. The performance is as follows:

Fig. 5 V-shaped horizontal frame pattern (Yang Zhiyuan)

3.1 improve work efficiency

As a result, the mother branch was reduced by 20 cm, the fruit hanging position was also decreased accordingly, and the winter shearing and ear management were not difficult, which could improve the work efficiency.

3.2 standardize the management of vine leaves and fruits

The shoot is fixed according to the equal distance of the variety characteristics, and the new shoot is bound to the left and right with 6-leaf pruning + 9-leaf coring, with the same branch length and no overlap of vine leaves to improve the photosynthetic efficiency. Ears of fruit hang neatly on both sides of the shelf noodles. 2 buds can be pruned in winter. It is convenient to standardize the management of the vine leaf fruit and improve the work efficiency.

3.3 improve fruit quality

The hanging part of the fruit is neat, the ear is easy to seminal duct, and the ear receives light well, which is beneficial to coloring, increasing sugar and improving fruit quality (figure 6) [Jishan Huayao].

3.4 reduce the use of pesticides

The medicine for preventing Botrytis cinerea is only sprayed on the ear, but not on the leaves, which can reduce the dosage.

Fig. 6 V-shaped horizontal frame hanging fruit (Yang Zhiyuan)