Variety selection and Garden Construction Technology of fresh Fruit Mulberry

Variety Selection and Garden Establishment Techniques of Fresh Fruit Mulberry

In order to enrich the variety diversity of fruit trees, make up for the vacancy of early products in the park and increase the fun of tourists picking, Hefei Taoxi Modern Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. introduced more than 20000 fresh fruit mulberry varieties from Zhejiang Province, such as Baiyuwang, Korean white pearl, seedless big ten, four seasons fruit mulberry and Taiwan long fruit mulberry, and planted them in Wangyan Village, Sanshigang Township. The variety selection and garden construction technology of mulberry in Hefei area are introduced as follows.

1 Variety selection

After 5 years 'observation in Hefei, some varieties showed early maturity, high yield, good quality, drought resistance and strong adaptability. Among them, Baiyuwang (Fig. 1) and Korean white pearl (Fig. 2) are sold in the market and picked by tourists in small quantities, so they should be planted in small areas; fruit mulberry in four seasons (Fig. 3) has long fruiting period, but its fruit is small and its acid content is high, so it should be planted in small areas; Taiwan long fruit mulberry (Fig. 4) is afraid of freezing injury, so it needs facilities cultivation and high investment cost, so it is suitable for high-end products in sightseeing gardens; seedless big ten fruit mulberry (Fig. 5) is popular in the market and has high cultivation benefit, so it is worth popularizing and planting in large areas. In order to meet the market demand in Hefei, after observation and comparison, the company purchased 15000 seedless mulberry seedlings in 2014. Mainly planted in Hefei City Xinqiao Airport Base and Hefei City Binhu Niujiao Dawei Base.

Figure 1 White Jade King

Figure 2 Korean white pearls

Fig. 3 Fruit mulberry in four seasons

2 Standard garden

2.1 site selection

Mulberry has strong adaptability to soil and poor waterlogging resistance, so it is not suitable to build gardens in low-lying land. The soil quality is loam and sandy loam. It is best to build gardens on plots with deep soil layer, fertile soil, irrigation conditions, unobstructed drainage, no industrial pollution and convenient transportation.

2.2 Site preparation

Before planting, the land shall be leveled and ploughed once, with the ploughing depth of about 35 cm. The cultivation mode of "high ridge and deep groove" shall be adopted. According to the planned row spacing, furrows shall be dug, with the depth of furrows 40 cm and the depth of waist furrows 60 cm. Sow commercial organic fertilizer or decomposed farm manure (such as cow dung, pig manure and chicken manure) 1000kg + phosphorus fertilizer 25kg + nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer 25kg in the middle of the ridge along a line for planting mulberry seedlings, mix and spread, and rotate and flatten for planting.

Fig. 4 Taiwan long fruit mulberry

Figure 5. Seedless Big Ten

3 Reasonable planting

The planting of picking garden adopts sparse planting and large crown, which is convenient for tourists to enter the garden for picking. The plant spacing is 3m × 6m, and 35 plants are planted per mu. Production garden adopts 2m × 3m plant spacing, planting 111 plants per mu. When planting, dig a pit of 50cm × 50cm × 35cm, straighten the mulberry seedlings, evenly extend the root system to four directions, gently lift and shake the seedlings when the soil is filled to half, so that the root system is extended, and then fill the soil, step on the soil while filling, until it is level with the ground. After planting, irrigate enough root water to accelerate the close contact between soil and root system.

4 Management of young trees

Mulberry planting year to culture tree shape and strong hanging fruit branches mainly. In order to achieve early high yield, the following work must be done in young tree management:

4.1 regular watering

After planting, the mulberry seedlings germinate and are watered once and covered with soil. Watering is carried out according to soil moisture content in the later stage.

4.2 bud dressing

(1) When the seedlings grow to 10~15 cm, remove the redundant weak buds and select 2~3 strong buds evenly distributed.

(2) After June, the new roots of seedlings grow steadily, 50g urea is applied to each plant, and 3~4 pits are dug 20cm away from seedlings. After the middle of July, spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2~3 times on leaves promoted rapid growth of seedlings.

4.3 shoot topping

When the new shoots are 45 cm long, they are picked, the branches that grow vigorously are removed, 2 buds are left for each branch, and the redundant ones are erased to cultivate ideal tree shapes and robust fruit trees.

4.4 intertilled weeding

Weeding can be artificial or chemical weeding, chemical weeding can be glyphosate. Before spraying herbicide, weeds around the tree tray were manually weeded out and could not be sprayed to the seedling body to produce phytotoxicity.

4.5 bingchong prevention

From mid-late May to mid-late October of the planting year, 40% chlorpyrifos 1200 mg/L can be used to prevent mulberry borers, leafhoppers and other leaf pests. Spray once every 25 days or so, and spray evenly on leaf surface and leaf back.

4.6 young tree culture

Mulberry tree is cultivated by middle-stem cultivation method. After mulberry seedlings are planted, they are cut off at 40~50 cm from the ground to form trunk. After germination, 2~3 healthy and evenly positioned new buds are left on the trunk, and the rest are thinned.

4.7 autumn fertilization

Basal fertilizer is applied from the middle and late October to accumulate sufficient nutrients for safe winter. Apply commercial organic fertilizer or decomposed farm manure (such as chicken manure, pig manure, etc.) 10kg + NPK compound fertilizer 250g + calcium superphosphate (or calcium magnesium phosphate) 250g. [Yoshiyama Hana Yao]

4.8 winter pruning

After complete defoliation, winter pruning is carried out, cutting off the tender shoots of 15~20 cm at the top of the branches, making full use of nutrients and improving the yield and quality of the coming year.