Practice of Stable Yield Renewal of Old Grape Trees

Practice of stable yield renewal of old grape trees

The traditional renewal of the old tree will cut the old tree short and send new shoots again, and there is no yield in the same year. In the grape experimental garden of Zhejiang Haiyan County Agricultural Science Research Institute, the 16-year-old and 13-year-old trees of Fujiminori and Zuijinxiang grape succeeded in the renewal of old trees on the premise of stabilizing the yield of grape in that year, which opened up a new way for the renewal of old trees. it's an innovative technology.

1 the old trees of Fujiminori and Zuijinxiang grape

Huajia 8 rootstock Fujiminori grape grown in 2000 and SO4 rootstock Zuijinxiang grape grown in 2003 with double cross V-shaped frame. By 2015, the age of the tree has reached 16 years and 13 years respectively. In the first 9 years, 6 buds were cut in winter, leaving 1 000 fruiting mother branches and 6 000 buds. Fujiminori grape in 2010 and Zuijinxiang grape began to cut 2 buds in winter in 2012 (figure 1, figure 2). A few years later, the mother branch was bent and uneven, and it was difficult to prune the 2 buds in winter, which should be renewed.

Fig. 1 the distance between Fujiminori grape plants in the experimental garden is 4 meters, 8-year-old trees with 6 buds and 2 buds after winter pruning (2008-01-07)

Fig. 2 the distance between the plants of Zuijinxiang grape in the experimental garden is 2 meters, and the trees of 9-year-old trees with 6 buds and 2 buds are cut in winter < 2011-12-24 in 2013-12-04 >

2 the practice of stable yield renewal of old trees

The old tree regeneration practice of Fujiminori and Zuijinxiang grape was carried out in 2016. In the case of basically not reducing the yield, the new shoots of the renewed trees were well developed, and the plant spacing was 8 meters in winter pruning. More new shoots were sent out in 2017, and the regenerated trees could reach the pre-renewal yield, and the tree shape was transformed.

Fig. 3 13-year-old trunk of Zuijinxiang grape in experimental garden < 2015.12.29 >

2.1 arrangements for winter shearing

Fujiminori grapes. The distance between the three trees was 4 meters, and one of the three trees renewed, and the two trees next to them continued to hang fruit. Drunken Jinxiang grape. The distance between the two trees was 2 meters, one tree was renewed, and the remaining one tree continued to bear fruit. The new plant was cut short 30 cm from the border surface (figure 3). To continue the fruiting plant, two fruiting mother branches at each end were bent outward, which could be bent to 20 cm away from the regeneration plant, and the yield could be stabilized by hanging fruit in the second year.

2.2 Management of continuing to hang fruit trees

It is basically the same as in previous years, with a distance of 20 cm and 2 500 fixed shoots. 6-leaf pruning + 8-leaf coring, leaving no secondary shoots. 10 tips set 6 clusters of fruit, leaving 1 500 clusters of fruit. The inflorescence is reorganized, the whole ear is 16 cm long, the fruit is thinned out about 60 grains per ear, the average weight of the ear is about 1 000 grams, and the yield is more than 1 500 kg. Fertilization and medication are the same as in previous years. The yield and ear quality are the same as in previous years.

Turning over the hanging fruit plant in time after grape harvest is beneficial to the shoot growth of short-cut regeneration plant (Fig. 4 and Fig. 5).

Fig. 4 the middle plants of three Fujiminori grape trees in the experimental garden were truncated and renewed, and the new shoots on both sides were covered with shelves and hanging fruit. (2016-03-30 am 2016-07-03)

2.3 Management of truncated update trees

2.3.14 the main vine cultivated hidden buds sent out more new shoots, leaving 4 early new shoots as the main vine. 2.3.2 bind the new tips and tips to the shelf surface, tie them to both sides of the wire drawing in time, and continue to grow diagonally to the wire drawing until the growth stops. It has nothing to do with the symbiosis of the new tips of the hanging fruit trees. the new tips of the hanging fruit trees are tied upward to the wiredrawing, and the new tips of the renewal trees are diagonally tied to the wiredrawing.

Fig. 5 the cuttings of Zuijinxiang grape in the experimental garden were truncated and renewed, and the new shoots were covered with noodles and hanging fruit (2016-03-29).

2.3.3 pick the heart about 10 leaves in a row, pick the heart continuously to stop growing. Multiple consecutive coring is beneficial to flower bud differentiation.

2.3.4 in the treatment of secondary shoots, the secondary shoots from each node should be retained and can not be completely erased, especially the secondary shoots from about 10 nodes at the base can not be erased. If the new shoots are more than 10 nodes, about 8 leaves should be picked or cut in time, and then the new shoots should be erased in time, otherwise the growth of the top shoots will be affected.

Continuous light coring and secondary shoot treatment of about 10 leaves are the key links of renewal tree management (Fig. 6 and Fig. 7).

Fig. 6 three Fujiminori grape trees in the experimental garden in 2016, one new shoot was cut off, and the new shoot of the grape was cut off after picking (2016-07-29).

Fig. 7 Zuijinxiang grape in the experimental garden in 2016, cut off the new shoots of the grape trees and cut off the new shoots of the plants (2016-07-09).

Fig. 8 16-year-old Fujiminori grape in the experimental garden, each plant at 4 meters is renewed and cultivated into a fruiting mother branch with a distance of 8 meters a year.

(2016-12-05)

Fig. 9 Zuijinxiang grape in the experimental garden is 13 years old, it is renewed and cultivated at 2 meters, and the fruiting mother branches with a distance of 10 meters are cultivated in one year (2016-12-05).

2.4 Winter pruning of short renewal trees

(1) cut off the immature shoots less than 0.8 cm in diameter.

(2) carefully sort out the shelf surface with all the tips left behind and put them on the ground on both sides.

(3) the four main vines are bent in the opposite direction to the wire drawing on both sides. The deputy tip is not tied up for the time being.

(4) the secondary shoot should be selected according to the thickness of the main vine. If the diameter of the main vine is more than 1 cm, choose the accessory shoot with a diameter of 0.8 cm to 1.0 cm and bind it to the part where the diameter of the main vine is more than 1 cm. The whole shelf should have a fruiting mother branch with a diameter of 0.8 cm to 1.0 cm, so that the yield can be maintained in the next year.

(5) leave 2 buds for pruning the redundant secondary shoots.

(6) the new shoot can grow as long as it is mature. If you can put it in the position of the next plant, it will be cut down among the next plants. In the experiment, the renewal plant of Zuijinxiang grape is 4 meters, and the main vine can be cut down to 8 meters when cutting in winter (Fig. 8, Fig. 9).

2.5 vine leaf management and flower yield of short-cut regeneration trees in the second year

Double-film cultivation in 2017, sprouting on February 3. The growth of new shoots is more vigorous and neat. 20 cm fixed shoot, 2 500 fixed tip. 6 leaf pruning + 8 leaf coring. There are many inflorescences of new shoots, the inflorescences are large, the percentage of fruiting branches is 62%, and the rate of double flowers is 52%. Compared with the 2015 before renewal, the results showed that the bending of the mother branch was very flat, the new shoots grew neatly, and the number of flowers was more (figure 10, figure 11).

Fig. 10 growth of vine, leaf and spike during flowering of Fujiminori grape regeneration tree in experimental garden < 2017-04-01 >

Fig. 11 growth pattern of vine, leaf and flower spike of Zuijinxiang grape regeneration tree in experimental garden < 2017-04-01 >

2.6 Flower panicle management and yield of short-cut regeneration trees in the second year

The management of spikes in 2017 is the same as in previous years. 6 clusters of 10 branches and 1 500 strings of ears were fixed. Reorganize inflorescences, earnestly complete ears, and thinning fruit many times.

Fujiminori grape fruit expansion cultivation, the average ear mass is 1 000 grams, the average grain weight is 25 grams, and the yield is 1 500 kg. Same as in 2016 (figure 12).

The average weight of ear is 900 g, the average weight of grain is 13 g, and the yield is 1 400 kg. Same as in 2016 (figure 13).

Fig. 12 the 17-year-old Fujiminori grape in the experimental garden renewed "rejuvenation" in the first year mature fruit < 2017-06-26 >

Fig. 13 the 14-year-old tree of Zuijinxiang grape in the experimental garden renewed "rejuvenation" tree mature fruit in the first year < 2017-06-30 >

3 summary

3.1 updating in combination with thinning

The orchard with a distance of 2 meters and 4 meters can be thinned. Continuing to hang fruit plants can maintain the yield. Short-cut plants cultivate new shoots to stabilize the yield in the next year.

3.2 continue to cultivate fruit plants

According to the original fruit tree management, including vine leaf fruit management, fertilizer soil and water management, disease, pest and bird pest control.

3.3 truncated plant management

In order to send out more tips, it is difficult to maintain the original output next year. The whole process of practice of the two varieties in the experimental garden can be used for reference. As long as careful management can cultivate.

3.4 Fruit Management in the first year of Renewal Garden

Manage according to the boutique park. Including vine leaf fruit management, fertilizer soil and water management, disease, pest and bird pest control. Special attention should be paid to the strict control of output and the appropriate application of fertilizer. Due to the combination with thinning, the plant area increased by 1 to 2 times, which was higher than the original amount of fertilizer, otherwise the growth of branches was slower and the fruit expansion was affected. The yield should not be high, otherwise it is difficult to grow fine fruit.