Production and Management Technology of pollution-free dense planting Pear Orchard

Production and Management Technology of pollution-free dense planting Pear Orchard

Pear trees have a long history of planting in China, and they are very popular because of their good taste and high nutritional value, but in recent years, the enthusiasm of fruit growers has been reduced due to the continuous decline of output and price in pear planting areas. the traditional fruit planting methods can no longer meet the needs and competition of the modern market. Only by introducing new technology, selecting high-quality varieties and fundamentally adjusting the structure can we increase production and income.

Traditional pear trees are generally 5 to 6 meters high, with large crown, wide row spacing and wide plant spacing, and can only be planted with 25 trees per mu. The densely planted tree species not only increase the yield and enter the high yield period early, but also the shortening of the distance between plants and rows makes the ventilation and light transmission is good, the pear fruit color is bright, and there are relatively few diseases and insect pests. The following focuses on the production technology of pollution-free close planting pear orchard.

1 Variety selection

On the basis of regionalization and improved varieties, high quality pear varieties such as Xueqing, Xinli 7, Hongxiang Crisp, Qiuyue and Huangguan were planted.

2 Seedling specification

The specification of seedlings produced in one year: the diameter above 5 cm above the marriage interface is more than 0.8 cm, the dry height is more than 90 cm, and the complete root system is 3-5. Specification of 1 ~ 2-year-old rootstock seedlings: Hebei du pear or Shanxi Jiangxian du pear should have a base diameter of more than 0.8 cm and 3 complete roots.

Budding specifications: all are strong annual branches, derived from Baoding Gaoyang, Xiongxian and other provincial agricultural industrialization leading enterprises pear orchard, to ensure the purity of varieties.

3. Land preparation standard

Adopt mechanized trench digging method, ditch depth and width are 80 cm and 100 cm respectively, according to the standard of row spacing of 0.8 m × 3.5 m, north-south operation, the topsoil (30 cm depth) and subsoil (50 cm depth) are placed separately; mixed with organic fertilizer, backfill the ditch, then pour heavy water into the soil, rake flat and wait for use.

4 fertilization standard

The types of fertilization are cow manure, sheep manure, pig manure and so on, with more than 5 tons of organic fertilizer per mu.

5 colonization requirements

If the planting depth is not more than 15 cm, the pear buds will be planted on March 25-31. Late planting is beneficial to survival. Digging planting ditch requires a width of 80 cm and a depth of 60 cm to separate the topsoil from the bottom soil. The bottom of the ditch is filled with 10-15 cm thick straw or crushed cotton stalk, and the top 30 cm thick is a mixture of organic fertilizer and soil. 5 tons of organic fertilizer is applied per mu. Note that the contact around the root system is all topsoil, which is conducive to survival. Watering after planting and 70 cm to 80 cm wide on each side of the trunk, the ground is covered with black plastic film, which is conducive to increasing temperature, preserving soil moisture and preventing weeds (figure 1).

Fig. 1 after the close planting of pear orchard has been completed

6. Post-planting management

The finished seedlings are generally indefinite or highly dry, and timely carve buds to promote branches, that is, between 60 cm to 30 cm from the ground, when each bud is about to germinate, it is engraved on top of it to stimulate new shoots, and the terminal bud can form flower buds in the same year and bear fruit the following year (figure 2).

Fig. 2 Young tree stage

7 tree shaping

After planting, the average yield per mu is 900kg in the second year, the yield per mu of 3-year-old trees can reach 2100 kg, and the full fruit period can be reached in 4-5 years. The shape of the tree is feather duster in the early stage and cylindrical in the later stage, pay attention to the angle of the main branch and branch group, good ventilation and light transmission, convenient operation and high labor efficiency. After the 20-year-old tree, the trunk is only long and thick, but the branch group does not grow, and the fruit part does not move out. (figure 3).

Fig. 3 the fruit of dense planting pear orchard in full fruit period

8 Management of flowering and fruiting stage

(1) pollination. In addition to natural pollination, bee or wall bee pollination, artificial pollination and other methods can also be used to ensure yield.

(2) thinning flowers and fruits. This is an effective means to ensure the reasonable load of the tree. Flower thinning operates according to the principle of keeping edges in an inflorescence, and fruit thinning removes diseases, insects, injuries, abnormalities and small fruits according to the principle of keeping good and getting rid of bad.

9 Control of diseases and insect pests

On the basis of agricultural control and physical control, promote biological control, in accordance with the law of the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, the rational use of chemical control techniques to effectively control the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. The specific prevention and control measures are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 annual control table of diseases and insect pests in pear orchard