Cultivation and management techniques of inverted tower pine-shaped Yanfu 8 (Shenfu No.1)

Cultivation and management techniques of inverted tower pine-shaped Yanfu 8 (Shenfu No.1)

Yanfu 8 (Shenfu No.1) is an excellent late-maturing apple variety with good coloring selected from Fuji series of bud mutants. It was identified in October 2012 and approved in November 2013. It was officially named Yanfu 8 and obtained the national trademark registration certificate (figure 1).

Fig. 1 Yanfu 8 (Shenfu No.1) Fruit approval Certificate Trademark Registration Certificate

1 selection and planning of garden site

1.1 selection of garden site

It is appropriate to choose non-pollution loam or light sand loam. If the thickness of the soil layer is less than 50 cm, be sure to dig deep with an excavator before planting and pick up the gravel. Try to avoid yellow clay, saline-alkali soil and waterlogged depressions with poor drainage. The groundwater level is below 1 meter and the soil pH value is 6.0-7.5.

1.2 Garden site planning

The planting line runs from north to south, and is equipped with working roads, irrigation and drainage facilities and buildings according to the planting area.

2Seedling planting

2.1 planting period

It can be planted in autumn or spring. Planted from autumn to before freezing, the slow seedling period is short, and the sprouting is prosperous in the following year. However, after a cold winter, the survival rate of seedlings is not as good as that of planting in spring. After soil thawing in spring, seedlings were planted before germination. The later the planting was, the higher the soil temperature was and the higher the survival rate was.

2.2 preparation of seedlings before planting

(1) planting density. Qiaohua seedlings: plant spacing 3m, row spacing 4m, 55 plants per mu; dwarfing intermediate rootstock seedlings: plant spacing 2m, row spacing 4m, mu planting 83; dwarfing self-rootstock (M9T337): 1.2m, 3.5m, 158plants per mu.

(2) pollination tree configuration. Yanfu 8 (Shenfu No.1) can be configured with Venus Gold, Gala, Huahong, Wang Lin and so on as pollination trees, with a ratio of 10% to 15%. The layout of pollination trees should be reasonable, and the outer edge and upwind of the orchard should be planted properly.

(3) Garden preparation. Before planting, it is best to use an excavator to turn the ground over again in winter. After winter weathering and the accumulation of rain and snow, it changes the soil ecology and is conducive to the growth of fruit trees in the future. Before turning, 4000kg / mu of soil miscellaneous fertilizer or 400kg / mu of bio-organic fertilizer was applied to improve soil fertility. Check the soil pH value before planting seedlings in spring, and apply soil conditioner if it is not in the range of 6.0-7.5.

(4) Seedling treatment. Select seedlings and classify them first to ensure neatness after planting. Remove the plastic straps at the marriage interface of the seedlings, and then soak the whole seedlings in clean water (preferably running water) for 24 hours, so that the seedlings can absorb enough water and improve the survival rate. After soaking, the seedlings are slightly air-dried, and then soaked in a solution composed of 500 times 50% carbendazim and 500 times well glycosine for 5 minutes and 10 seconds, then fished out and planted.

(5) dig planting ditches or pits. Dwarf seedlings dig planting ditches 50 cm wide and 40 cm deep, while Qiaohua seedlings dig 40 cm square planting pits. Outside the planting ditch or pit, mix well with the soil according to the standard of 1.5-2kg bio-organic fertilizer per plant, and then backfill it into the planting ditch or pit.

(6) planting. After the seedlings are put into the planting ditch or pit, all the roots of the seedlings should be extended before they begin to cultivate the soil. When the soil is about halfway up, gently lift the seedling up to make the root system stretch, gently step so that the root is in close contact with the soil without leaving a gap, and then continue to cultivate the soil to the seedling imprint. After planting, pour water for 2 or 3 times to sink the seedlings, and then cover the tree plate with black plastic film to increase temperature and preserve moisture.

3 ground management

3.1 soil management

The key to soil management is to improve the content of soil organic matter. The ground can increase the content of soil organic matter by growing grass or covering grass instead of clean tillage.

3.2 Scientific fertilization

Attach importance to the early application of organic fertilizer in autumn, make full use of the third root growth peak from September to October, promote root growth, increase the nutritional storage of trees, and provide nutritional guarantee for germination, flowering and fruiting in the following year. Apply 4000-5000 kg of fully mature fermented high-quality soil miscellaneous fertilizer or 800-1200 kg commercial bio-organic fertilizer, combined with 100 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, 500 kg of biological bacterial fertilizer and 30 kg of trace element fertilizer "micromedium". In order to promote sprouting, flowering and fruit setting rate, high nitrogen and high phosphorus water soluble fertilizer "blue natural" (20-48-3) was applied per mu before sprouting. During the nutrition conversion period in late May and early June, in order to ensure the yield of the current year and the amount of flowers in the coming year, 250 kg of "Longfei Da Sanyuan" organic and inorganic biological fertilizer plus 250 kg of "Dan Wang" nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer was applied per mu. From the end of July, a small number of scientific application of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, 10 kg each time, to ensure the need for nutrient elements for fruit expansion. The number of unfruited young trees should be reduced appropriately, and do not be fertilized before the new shoots grow 20 cm in the same year.

3.3 Water management

During the irrigation period, the fruit trees should be watered reasonably according to the law of water demand and soil moisture. Heavy water should be watered before budding, and the rapid growth and development period of young fruit about 20 days after falling flowers is another critical period of water demand. The fruit should be watered in time during the fruit expansion period from mid-July to late August and before harvest. Water it in time after each topdressing. The whole growing period should also be watered reasonably according to weather conditions and soil moisture to ensure the growth and development of fruit trees. The soil should be watered with frozen water before freezing to ensure that the fruit trees survive the winter safely.

4 tree management

4.1 shaping and pruning

Yanfu 8 (Shenfu No.1) Apple shaping and pruning is suitable for inverted hanging tower pine tree (figure 2). After planting, the seedlings dry at the full buds and cut off the immature parts in the upper part. Start with the fifth bud under the cut, carve every 3 buds to 80 cm above the ground. After sprouting, the new shoot grew to about 20cm and began to open the base angle with a toothpick, and the Beginning of Autumn pulled the branch at an angle of 110o130 °(figure 3). After the second year, it continues to cut short at the plump buds of the central stem, promoting the growth of a strong and erect central stem to about 3 meters (figure 4). The central trunk starts from the uppermost branch to carve a bud every 3 buds to promote branching. Open corners and pull branches repeat the previous year. All branches are mainly thrown, not truncated, and carry out uniaxial extension. Each year before the Qingming Festival, the shoots on both sides of the middle segment of the branch and the inferior dorsal bud are scratched to promote the branch. When 60% of the branches grow to more than 5 cm, ring cutting is carried out at the base of the branches to promote flowers. With the increase of tree age, the over-dense and thick branches planted on the renewed central trunk should be removed in time, and the robust auxiliary branches should be cultivated to keep the fruit of young branches (figure 5).

Fig. 2 Yanfu 8 (Shenfu No.1) inverted hanging tower pine tree

Fig. 3 Yanfu 8 (Shenfu No.1) annual inverted hanging tower pine tree

Fig. 4 Yanfu 8 (Shenfu No.1) two-year-old inverted tower pine tree

Fig. 5 Yanfu 8 (Shenfu No.1) four-year-old inverted hanging tower pine tree

4.2 Flower and fruit management

In order to save storage nutrition, the earlier the flower thinning, the better. Especially for the trees with a large number of flowers, the number of flowers can be adjusted from pre-flowering, the flowers that are too dense, too weak and underdeveloped can be removed when the flower buds sprout, and the flowers formed by the accessory shoots of the fruit platform and the flowers on the medium-long fruit branches can be retained to produce drooping and high fruit. Within 2-3 days of inflorescence separation, when the accessory shoots of the fruit stage are not extended, the young inflorescences of some overdense flowers, flower buds and medium-long fruit branches can be removed to form flower buds and achieve the purpose of changing flowers for flowers.

The fruit was determined 10 days after flowering to minimize the ineffective nutrient consumption of the tree. The amount of fruit retained was determined by the circumference length of the trunk. If the circumference of the trunk is 30 cm, the amount of fruit retained by the tree is 30 times the constant 6, then it is 180 fruits. Weak trees can reduce the amount of fruit retained by 10% to facilitate high quality and high yield. Fruit retention standard: leave a single fruit, keep a straight high pile fruit, do not leave the fruit shape abnormal fruit, damaged fruit. Leave the drooping fruit, do not leave the fruit on the back. Leave more strong branches and fruits, and the whole tree will bear fruit evenly. Generally, the fruit spacing is 20cm to 30cm, and the leaf-fruit ratio is 50 ∶ 1. Fruit bagging was carried out when the transverse diameter of young fruit reached 2.5 cm before and after May 20.

5. Integrated pest control

5.1 Agricultural control

Cooperate with reasonable shaping and pruning to improve the ventilation and light transmission of fruit trees, reduce the harm of diseases and pests, clean up the diseased branches and fallen leaves of deep-buried orchards in time, and reduce the base number of diseases and pests.

5.2 physical prevention and control

Making use of the phototaxis of pests, solar energy insecticidal lamps are set up to trap and kill pests. Taking advantage of the taste tendency of pests to sugar and vinegar solution and the occurrence period of adults, sugar and vinegar pots were set up in the orchard to trap and kill pests. It can also regularly and quantitatively hang the armyworm board to catch and kill pests. After autumn, strapping grass on the tree trunk can also trap and kill overwintering pests. Painting white tree trunks before falling leaves can not only prevent sunburn, frost cracking and late frost damage, but also control overwintering diseases and pests of branches and trunks, and reduce the gnawing of tree trunks by rabbits in winter, especially young trees.

5.3 Biological control

The main results are as follows: (1) protect and utilize the natural enemies of insect pests to achieve the purpose of controlling insect pests. The natural enemies of [Jishan Huayao] are: many kinds of lacewings, small black flower bugs, predatory mites, pine caterpillars, peach parasitoids, ladybugs, jumping wasps, leafy moth wasps, and so on.

(2) trapping and killing with sex attractants. At present, peach heart borer, apple leaf roll moth, golden grain moth, apple bark moth, apple brown leaf roll moth, pear heart borer, peach borer, peach leaf moth and other pests can kill and interfere with mating through orchard sex attractants, accurately predict the occurrence period of adults of each generation, and guide spray control to achieve the purpose of pest control.

5.4 Chemical control

Before sprouting, germicidal insecticides such as Omesik and Suisben were sprayed to control overwintering diseases and insect pests such as rot, ring disease, woolly aphid and shell insects. Before flowering, fungicides such as difenoconazole and Jinggangmycin, as well as pyripropyl ether, methylvitamin salt insecticides and Zhumanling acaricides were sprayed before flowering. Pyrethroids, pyrethroids, imidacloprid insecticides, carbendazim and azole fungicides were sprayed 3 times every 10-15 days after flowering. After bagging, it was sprayed 3 times for 5 times, mainly with Bordeaux liquid protective agents, and periodically sprayed with ethyl aluminum, manganese, zinc and azole fungicides, methamidyl salt and pyrethroid insecticides and acaricides. Generally speaking, spraying is prohibited 30 days before harvest.

6 timely harvest

The Autumn Equinox began to remove his bag when the temperature difference between day and night reached more than 10 ℃. The fruit grows in the bag for 110 days. As Yanfu 8 is fast in color and does not need to be covered with reflective film, the fruit can be all red 4-5 days after picking the bag, which can be harvested according to market demand. Yanfu 8 fruit color fades slowly, the pericarp is anti-wrinkling, and the harvest time can be prolonged according to the market situation. When harvesting, wear gloves and handle them gently to prevent pressure stab wounds.