How to manage the new shoots of grapes? New shoot management technology of grape

How to manage the new shoots of grapes? New shoot management technology of grape

The new shoot management of grape is an important technology to determine the yield and quality of grape. if the technology is not in place, it will cause too many new shoots to sprout, too dense, and the tree nutrition will be scattered, which will not only affect the growth of new shoots, but also cause poor nutrition waste, poor ventilation and light transmission, and low fruit setting rate. poor flower bud differentiation and decline in fruit quality.

1 principles and techniques of wiping buds and fixing shoots

After germination, excess sprouts should be erased according to the characteristics of varieties, so as to reduce nutrient consumption and promote flower ear development.

1.1 erase buds with strong growth

The buds in the front of the main vine grow vigorously and often inhibit the germination of buds or the emergence of new shoots in the back. In order to balance the growth potential of various parts of the main vine, the main buds of the superior buds with strong dominance at the top were removed, and the growth of the accessory buds was relatively moderate, which could balance the growth potential and ensure that the buds at the back of the main vine developed into fruiting shoots (figure 1).

Fig. 1 erasing the buds with strong growth potential to ensure the germination of the main vine buds with no lack of position and balanced growth (Wang Shiping)

a. The upper bud of the main vine grows vigorously, but the basal bud will not germinate. If the new shoots of the main buds of the upper buds are erased, the growth potential of the secondary buds will be close to that of the lower buds.

1.2 erase the high bud and leave the low bud

When there are several new shoots sprouting on the mother branch, after determining the number of retained buds according to the space where the mother branch is located, the new shoots with flower ears in the middle and back of the mother branch are selected to erase the flower buds in the upper part of the mother branch. avoid the fruit position moving outward year by year (upward) (figure 2)

Fig. 2 erase the high bud of the mother branch and leave the low bud of the mother branch

Note: the red short stick in the picture indicates that the new shoot in front of the mother branch is cut off or erased to avoid the result moving outward year by year (Wang Shiping)

1.3 balanced pin setting

The final wiping and fixing should be carried out about two weeks before flowering. According to the leaf size of the variety, set the density of new shoots on the shelf surface, the leaves of Jufeng varieties are larger, and the general spacing of new shoots is 18-22 cm. The plant spacing is 2 meters, the row spacing is 8 meters, and the T-shaped scaffolding garden has 5 new shoots per square meter, and 3 200 and 3 500 shoots per mu. The varieties with small leaves and small ears can appropriately increase the amount of shoot retention. The fixed tip rope has been developed in some places in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, which can avoid the phenomenon of excessive shoot retention or uneven density caused by the growers' unskilled or reluctant to give up, and ensure the equidistant distribution of the new tip (figure 3).

Fig. 3 using fixed-tip rope to ensure uniform distribution density of new shoots (Wang Shiping figure)

2 twist the tip

In order to prevent the damage during traction and binding, and to change the growth direction of the new shoot, the twisting treatment was carried out after the base of the new shoot was semi-lignified; if the growth potential between the new shoots of the whole tree is uneven, some grow vigorously and some grow slowly, for the vigorous new shoots, twisting treatment can also be carried out.

The specific method is to pinch the second and third section of the base of the new tip with both thumbs and index fingers, respectively, and gently twist it to make it hurt and smooth the direction of the new tip (figure 4). Twist should not be excessive, when the injury is too serious, it will affect the development of flowers and ears, and even cause the occurrence of falling flowers and fruits.

Fig. 4 twisting method (Wang Shiping)

3 traction and binding

In order to make each leaf receive good light as far as possible, the selected shoots can be evenly distributed on the shelf surface by traction and binding, and the new tips can be prevented from being blown off by the wind.

Traction starts from the new shoots with the strongest growth potential, and the weak shoots wait for their full elongation before traction. Trees with weak growth have short shoots and small leaves, so they should leave as many new shoots as possible. New shoots with strong growth should be pulled and bound after twisting. When the new shoots are born in a bad direction, the direct traction is easy to break, and the direction is changed gradually from the middle of the new shoots. When traction and binding, it can be combined with wiping buds and thinning shoots, and finally determine the amount of tips left.

4 pick the heart

4.1 fruiting branches

For varieties with exuberant growth in the early stage of new shoots, the undeveloped shoots of strong and prosperous shoots should be removed 7-10 days before flowering, and there should be 6-7 leaves before heading; in order to promote fruit setting, leave 8-9 leaves before heading to pick the heart again from 3 days before flowering to the beginning of flowering. Of course, the growth of the new tip of the mean can not be taken from the heart.

For the trees with weak growth before flowering and vigorous growth after flowering, the period of coring should be postponed, and the coring of the main and auxiliary shoots should be carried out in the full flowering stage, which can promote fruit setting. If such trees pick their hearts before flowering, a large number of secondary shoots will occur during flowering, resulting in insufficient fruit setting.

For varieties with strong growth such as Jufeng and Alexandria, in order to prevent the growth of new shoots and promote fruiting and fruit expansion, coring must be taken before flowering. When the length of the new shoot is 30cm to 40cm, the new shoot leaves 2-4 leaves in front of the ear of Qiangwang new shoot and 6 leaves in the middle new shoot.

4.2 Auxiliary tip

After the new shoots of Qiangwang are plucked, secondary shoots will be sent out before flowering. They should be picked in time to promote fruiting and fruit expansion. If the new shoots grow moderately before flowering, the secondary shoots will grow exuberantly after blooming, and you should pick the heart in time. The uppermost secondary shoot at the end of the new shoot can continue to extend, and the 2-3 leaves of the posterior secondary shoot are coring.

Coring is carried out 10-15 days after flowering: leave 2-3 leaves for the exuberant secondary shoot, but not for the secondary shoot that stops growing by itself. After that, repeat 2-3 leaf coring for the exuberant secondary shoots.

Within two weeks before the softening of the fruit, the re-coring of the secondary shoot will delay the coloring of the fruit. Therefore, the recurrent secondary shoots should be gently removed or twisted to make the secondary shoots droop, and the parts where the secondary shoots are too dense should be removed until the third week after the beginning of coloring.

4.3 main branch extension branch

In principle, the extension of the main branch should not be twisted, and it should be drawn to make it extend continuously. However, during the period from early August to early September, it is necessary to pick the heart to promote fruit ripening. In particular, virus-free seedlings, it is easy to grow too prosperous, must be heart-picked. The secondary shoots on the extended branches of the main branch all leave 2-3 leaves to pick the heart. After picking the heart, the secondary tip is picked out every 15 days or so.