Cultivation Techniques of Hutai 8 Grape in Guangdong Province

Cultivation Techniques of Hutai 8 Grape in Guangdong Province

Hutai 8 is a grape variety bred by bud mutation of European and American hybrid Olympia. It is one of the excellent fresh grape varieties in China [1] and is favored by the market [2]. In July 2014, Hutai 8 and other high-quality grape varieties introduced by Foshan City Institute of Agricultural Sciences were evaluated by the public, and Hutai 8 was the most popular. Because of the heavy rain in Guangdong, it has a great influence on the growth, flowering, fruiting and disease of grape, so the cultivation technology of shelter from rain has been implemented, and the effect is good.

Fig. 1 Ear of Hutai No. 8

Character Expression of 1 Hutai 8 Grape in Guangdong Province

Hutai No. 8 plant grows vigorously and can sprout many branches in the same year. Young shoots green, shiny, smooth on the surface, under the surface with sparse velutinous, leaf blade nearly round, five-lobed, leaf front deeply divided, leaf bottom shallowly lobed, leaf back with sparse velutinous, petiole depression open round. Hermaphrodite flower [3], conical ear shape, tight ear, average ear length 174mm, single ear weight 300~600g, nearly round fruit grain, single grain weight 6.89 g, purple black pericarp, easy separation of pericarp and pulp, thick and crisp pulp, soluble solids content 18.0%, high quality, excellent taste [4], early maturity, maturity in late June of Guangdong, storage and transportation resistance (Figure 1). In the second year of planting, the yield per 666.7 m2 reached 708kg. The ability to produce multiple results a year is extremely strong. High temperature and disease resistance [3].

2. High-yielding cultivation techniques in shelter

Hutai No. 8 was cultivated in shelter facilities in Foshan, Guangdong Province (Fig. 2), which could effectively solve the problems of grape diseases, flowers and fruits falling due to heavy rainfall.

Fig. 2 Shelter-proof cultivation of Hutai No. 8 facility

Foshan City Institute of Agricultural Sciences introduced facilities rain shelter technology using Guangxi Guilin Mr Zeng Yanyue invented "fruit tree rain shelter fence cultivation" technology. The trellis is independent; the fence frame is composed of cement columns and V-shaped steel pipes. Four steel wires are respectively pulled on the frame every 30cm to fix grape branches. The first steel wire is 1.2 m high and is at the bottom of the V-shaped steel pipe. The top of the shed is designed with steel bars and films, and the film width is 2.2 m and the height is 2.3 m (Figure 2). In Guangdong, after the Spring Festival before flowering film, shelter rain, avoid falling on the flower ear. At the end of October, the film was removed to promote the grape branches to enter hibernation.

2.1 seedling planting

Choose not easy ponding, drainage convenient hillock or loam better, clay is not suitable for planting. Raise ridges and dig deep trenches for drainage. 1~3 months planting, before planting dig 0.5m deep, 0.5m wide ditch, every 666.7m2 into the compost fermented organic fertilizer 1500kg. Healthy seedlings were selected, planted at a row spacing of 1m ×2.5m, and fully irrigated after planting.

2.2 training and pruning

Y-shaped tree with fence frame is adopted. In the first year of seedling planting, after germination in spring, select a healthy new shoot to cultivate into a trunk, remove the rest of the buds, when the trunk shoots grow to 6 leaves, remove the top side buds for the first time, remove the rest of the side buds, when the trunk shoots grow to 1m, remove the top 4 buds as the main vine, remove the rest of the side buds, and fix the 4 main vines on the steel wires on both sides after leaving 8 leaves. The auxiliary shoots sent out by the main vine are picked, 3 leaves of the top 3 auxiliary shoots are kept repeatedly, and 1 leaf of the lower auxiliary shoot is kept repeatedly (Figure 3), so as to ensure that the winter buds do not germinate and supply nutrients to the main vine. Trimming before and after the Great Cold Festival, leaving 5~6 winter buds on the main vine, cutting them and binding them horizontally on the 1.2m high 1st steel wire. About 15 days before the Spring Festival, evenly smear each winter bud with 25 times of 50% monocyanamide (dormancy agent) to make it germinate neatly.

Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of pruning and pruning of Hutai No. 8 grape

For trees planted for more than 2 years, remove multiple buds and weak buds after the main vine sprouts in spring. When the new shoots grow to 3 leaves, leave the new shoots with large inflorescences, bind them obliquely to the steel wires on both sides, and bind them to the second steel wire at intervals of 18~20cm. The first young shoot at the base of each main vine is reserved as the reserve branch of the fruiting mother branch of the next year, and the rest of the young shoots are used as the fruiting branches or vegetative branches of the current year [5]. The new shoots are topped after 8 leaves, and the pruning method of auxiliary shoots is the same as that of the first year. During winter pruning, 5~6 winter buds of the first preparatory branch at the base of the main vine are reserved and tied horizontally on the first steel wire 1.2m high. If the flower quantity of the preparatory branch cannot be guaranteed, 1~2 fruiting branches can be reserved as the fruiting mother branches of the next year, and 4~6 branches of each plant are reserved as the fruiting mother branches of the next year.

2.3 flower protection and fruit promotion

After the grape sprouts in the spring of the second year, when the inflorescence is 4 - 5cm long, the whole plant is sprayed with 1500 times solution of Bicace (produced by Biolchim Company of Italy and translated into Chinese by Wangzhiyuan Plant Co., Ltd.), and sprayed once after 7 days, and sprayed twice before flowering to lengthen the inflorescence. After flowering, 0.1% chlorfenuron (Chengdu Shi Te optimized engineering)300 times solution can be used to spray only flower ears, and 7~10 days after fruit setting, 1250 times solution of phosphorus potassium boron molybdenum acid can be sprayed once to lengthen ears and reduce fruit thinning workload.

B, Ca, Mg, Zn, K and other element fertilizers were sprayed many times during fruit expansion period to promote fruit expansion, reduce size and prevent fruit cracking. When the fruit grows to the size of peanut, the fruit is thinned, small fruits and abnormal fruits are removed, conical fruit grains are left, and the fruit grains are not squeezed each other, so that the commodity value is improved. After thinning, cover the ears with special paper bags on sunny days (Figure 4). Spray protective fungicide and broad-spectrum pesticide once before bagging, such as Fogo 3750 times + Amisida 1500 times solution evenly sprayed on leaves and ears.

Fig. 4 Bagging of Hutai No. 8 fruits and vegetables

2.4 fertilizer and water management

Fertilization is mainly base fertilizer, supplementary topdressing, water and fertilizer irrigation effect is good. Nitrogen fertilizer was dominant in early growth stage, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer were dominant in late growth stage. Seedlings frequently thin fertilizer, can choose sea champion, Qiao green, humic acid, root Zhuangbao liquid fertilizer 800 times flush fertilizer, every 10 days 1 time. Compound fertilizer was applied once in May and June, 25~ 50g per plant, to promote seedling growth. In August and September, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer should be added. After each granular fertilizer application, water should be drenched in time, and foliar fertilizer should be sprayed at the same time. At the beginning of November, base fertilizer was applied, 0.3m deep ditch was dug about 0.4m away from the root, and 1500kg organic fertilizer, 80kg phosphorus fertilizer and 40kg potassium fertilizer were applied every 666.7m2.

Application of liquid fertilizer containing high phosphorus before and during flowering promoted and protected flower growth, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and boron fertilizer in soil during fruit expansion, and spraying phosphorus, potassium, boron, calcium, magnesium and zinc fertilizer on leaves to avoid large and small fruit, abnormal fruit and cracked fruit. In the later stage, the peanut bran 600 times solution (peanut bran and extract mixed with water) was applied for many times to increase the sweetness of grapes. Compound fertilizer is applied once after fruit harvest, 60~80g per plant.

April to August is rainy season in Guangdong area. Pay attention to timely drainage so that there is no ponding in vineyard after rain. Water is kept by drip irrigation of water and fertilizer during drought, large fertilizer is applied during fruit expansion period, fertilizer and water are controlled during fruit coloring and maturity period to avoid fruit cracking, fertilizer and water are stopped from mid-October to make grape branches slowly mature, leaves slowly turn yellow and fall leaves. After 20 days of applying monocyanamide dormancy agent in winter, germination begins one after another. Irrigation should be carried out in time to keep the soil moist until the new buds sprout.

2.5 pest control

Guangdong rainfall is abundant, diseases are easy to occur and epidemic, the main diseases are grape black pox, anthracnose, powdery mildew, gray mold and downy mildew 5 kinds [4]. The seedling stage is mainly used to prevent black pox and downy mildew, and 60% Baitai 750 times solution, 57% Allomine 750 times solution, 50% Dimethomorph 1500 times solution, 78% Cobo 800 times solution, 80% Dasheng M-45 800 times solution, 68% Jinlei 400 times solution and so on can be selected. During flowering and fruit growth period, the main methods to prevent gray mold, cob disease and anthracnose are to select 50% prohydantoin 1000 times solution, 10% Shigao 1500 times solution, 50% nifedipine 5000 times solution, 50% Kaiser 1250 times solution, 25% amisida 1500 times solution, 50% procyclidine 1000 times solution, 50% thiram 1000 times solution, etc. At the later stage of fruit tree growth, attention should be paid to the control of powdery mildew. 25% aether phenol 1500 times solution, 25% Kairun 1800 times solution, 30% Cuize 1000 times solution can be selected. The control of diseases should also pay attention to the control of thrips, can choose 5% Allux 1000 times solution, 0.3% Matrine 1500 times solution, 3% Pyrimidine 1000 times solution. After winter shearing and before germination, 3~5°Be sulfur mixture was sprayed once.

Bird pest control. After the fruit ripens in late June, birds peck at the fruit grains. After the grape is broken and juicy, it is easy to attract scarabs and flies to invade, causing the grape to rot, reduce quality and reduce yield [6]. To prevent bird harm, under the premise of protecting birds, the following methods can be selected: ① Choose a special paper bag with strong toughness and good quality for grapes. 2. Put the scarecrow in a place higher than the grape cluster.③ Choose a variety of colors of reflective belt, hanging in each ridge between the shelter frame steel line.④ Use bird repellent (Huangshan Shuangbao Technology Particle Bird Repellent), 60~120 tablets per 666.7m2. (5) Ultrasonic bird repelling devices shall be installed, and 1~2 birds shall be placed every 666.7m2.