Methods of grafting and breeding of plum blossoms
Methods of grafting and breeding of plum blossoms
Plum blossom grafting is a commonly used breeding method in gardens. Mountain apricot can be used as rootstock and holy rose plum as intermediate rootstock. The main technical points are as follows.
Grafting time. It is suitable to choose the temperature rising in the middle of March, the plant sap flowing, and the temperature of 8-15 ℃ for grafting.
Rootstock and scion selection. The selection of ① anvil. The 3-year-old mountain apricot with a ground diameter of about 5cm, strong growth and no diseases and insect pests was selected as the rootstock. The seed strip of 1-year-old Saint Rose Plum was selected as the scion of ② interstock. ③ plum blossom scion selected one-year-old plum seed strips with strong cold resistance.
Grafting method. The splitting method is adopted. ① cut the apricot rootstock in the plane off the ground 20cm and split the smooth surface in the middle to form a long interface of 3.5cm. ② cut the one-year-old Saint Rose Plum seed strips into 15cm segments as interstock scions, cut one end into a double-sided Maltese-shaped slope, and inserted them into the interface of the rootstocks, so that the cambium of the interstock scions was aligned with the cambium of the rootstocks, and the interstock scions were fastened with plastic strips. ③ then split the upper end of the interstock scion to form a long interface of 3.5cm. Finally, ④ cut the 1-year-old plum seed strips into 10cm segments as scions, cut the lower end into a double-sided Maltese-shaped slope, inserted into the interface of the interstock, aligned the cambium of the two, and finally wrapped them tightly with plastic strips.
Management after grafting. Wiping buds and coring in time after grafting survived, promoting bifurcation, increasing growth, promoting flower bud differentiation, forming flower buds in the same year, blooming in large quantities the following year; applying basal fertilizer or foliar spraying fertilizer, mainly topdressing phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, so that plants concentrate fertility, promote nutrition absorption, promote maturity, enhance overwintering ability, pest control, conventional production management, and so on.
Using mountain apricot as rootstock has the advantages of developed root system, fast growth, strong growth, strong resistance and resistance to diseases and insect pests, and using holy rose plum seed strips as interstock has the advantages of strong growth, fast growth, strong resistance, frost resistance and many flowers; the use of plum seed strips as scions has the characteristics of strong cold resistance, early flowering, beautiful flower pattern and high ornamental value. The breeding efficiency was improved by an one-time "double" connection between rootstock, interstock and scion in a seasonal period. [Jishan Huayao]
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