High efficient cultivation techniques of Jinfen No.1 Fenjiao in Paddy Field

Efficient Cultivation Techniques of "Jinfen No. 1" Plantain in Paddy Field

Fund projects: National Special Fund for Construction of Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System (CARS-32-15); Team Project of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GUINONGKE 2015 YT54); Doctoral Innovation Fund Project of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GUINONGKE 2016 JZ03).

Musa ABB Pisang Awak is a banana hybrid species of Musa, also known as milk banana, glutinous rice banana, canna, Saigon banana, etc.[Cyclocarya paliurus] Due to the high yield of paddy field planting, more and more banana farmers choose paddy field to plant banana powder, but the planting technology is higher than other cultivated land, and it is difficult for the first seed to master. The whole growth period of banana in tissue culture is 14~20 months [Jishan Huayao], and 14~16 months under high management level. The whole growth period needs at least one overwintering process. It is often damaged by low temperature, frost, wind and so on, and it is easy to infect Fusarium oxysporum wilt (FOC1, physiological race 1). Planting has certain risks, which limits the development of planting area of banana. After years of planting, improvement, summary and practice, the author carried out a series of experiments on high quality and high yield cultivation techniques of banana with Guangxi Jinpin Agricultural Co., Ltd. and Guangxi Fenghao Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd., integrating a whole set of disease control cultivation and management techniques, which can improve output value and production efficiency by planting banana in paddy field, ensure fruit can safely overwinter under certain low temperature or light frost climate conditions, The incidence of fusarium wilt was controlled below 3.0%. The technology can be used to develop banana production according to local conditions in areas with conditions in southern Guangxi, southeastern Guangxi and central Guangxi, which is beneficial to improving the market competitiveness of banana, promoting industrial efficiency, increasing farmers 'income, facilitating the adjustment of banana industry variety structure, meeting the market demand for banana variety diversification, and playing a positive role in banana production period adjustment and industry optimization.

1 Variety selection

"Jinfen No. 1" is an excellent variety of banana, which was approved by Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 2010 (Guishenguo 2010005). The fruit is large, edible rate is high, the flesh is milky white, the taste is tender and sweet, the flavor is excellent, the nutrition is rich, the cold resistance, the drought resistance, the black spot disease, the bunchy top disease and the mosaic heart rot disease are good, the commodity quality is good, and the market potential is big. In recent years, large-scale planting has been carried out in Nanning, Qinzhou, Fangchenggang, Yulin and Baise of Guangxi, and has developed to Guangdong, Hainan and Yunnan provinces. The lowest price of land is above 4.0 yuan/kg, the highest is 8.4 yuan/kg, and the output value per 667m2 is 10,000 ~ 18,000 yuan. The planting benefit is high.

2 Plantation design

2.1 Banana orchard choose not to stay root banana, adopt planting a generation of banana powder after planting other crops planting mode. Paddy fields with soil layer thickness of more than 1m, groundwater level of more than 1m, no accumulated water, good weather and cold protection conditions, sufficient sunshine, convenient transportation and no banana crops such as banana and banana in previous crops shall be selected.

2.2 Sprinkle quicklime 100~150kg per 667m2 in deep tillage preparation to adjust soil pH value, reduce the number of pests and diseases parasitized in soil or stubble, adopt mechanical deep tillage above 60cm to improve soil permeability, ventilation and water storage and moisture preservation performance, increase tillage layer thickness, bury trees, weeds and crop residues in banana orchard deeply, and plough and expose for more than 20 days.

2.3 Soil preparation and establishment of garden ditch, ridge width 4.3~4.5m, in the banana garden periphery set up 1m wide, 80cm deep drainage ditch, planting ridge set up between 1m wide, 60cm deep furrow, furrow should be connected with drainage ditch, according to the terrain to determine the size and depth of drainage ditch, to ensure that in a short time can quickly drain the garden water.

Do not rake the ridge surface, so as not to cause secondary hardening of the ridge surface topsoil and inhibit seedling growth. According to planting specifications, holes are dug along the ridge, and the planting hole size is generally 30~50cm wide and 30~40cm deep. Apply 3.5~4.0kg of high-quality decomposed chicken manure, 0.5~1.0kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 0.2~0.3kg of compound fertilizer and 10~ 15g of 0.5% avermectin granule (to prevent and kill nematodes) to each planting hole, mix them with soil and fill them to half of the planting hole, and then cover the soil of the ridge surface by more than 10cm to make it level or slightly higher than the ridge surface, so as to avoid the roots directly contacting the organic fertilizer and burning the roots during planting.

2.4 The irrigation system is installed by drilling wells to take groundwater for irrigation, installing water-saving irrigation system according to terrain, selecting micro-spray belt irrigation mode, laying a spray belt for each planting row.

2.5 Planting period. Banana can be planted all year round, mostly in spring from February to April, with 10~15 leaves for planting; it can also be planted in autumn from September to November, with 8~12 leaves.

Planting specifications. The planting density was 110~120 plants/667m2. The plant spacing was adjusted according to the harvest time, environmental conditions and cultivation management level.

Seedling method. The tissue culture seedlings of "Jinfen No. 1" produced by Guangxi Plant Tissue Culture Seedling Co., Ltd. were temporarily planted on the sand bed of greenhouse when they had 3~4 leaves and 2~4 roots. After they had newly grown 3~5 leaves, they were transferred to the seedling bag for temporary planting. Soilless substrate and non-woven bag should be used.

Planting methods. When planting, remove the seedling bag first and do not scatter the substrate (if it is a non-woven seedling bag, it does not need to be stripped), put it into the planting hole, cover it with crushed topsoil and compact the surrounding soil layer. After planting, immediately use potassium permanganate 1 000 times solution to leach root fixing water, and then sprinkle water once the next day. Spring planting, available straw, leaves and other cover banana seedlings and surrounding, or covered with black plastic film moisture, grass; autumn planting, in December before the arrival of cold, can cover the sky film and white plastic film cold, to April when the temperature rises again.

3 Banana Garden Management

3.1 Check seedlings and replant seedlings the next day after planting. If missing seeds are found, replant them in time, and straighten and compact the skewed plants. After heavy rain, seedlings should also be checked, dead seedlings and weak seedlings should be supplemented in time.

3.2 Fertilizer and water management. Water management. In rainy season, keep the drainage ditch unblocked and remove the accumulated water on the ridge surface in time. "Jinfen No. 1" pink banana should avoid flooding. During the whole growth period, the soil moisture content of banana orchard was maintained at about 60%. The soil moisture content was maintained at 80% during flower bud differentiation and budding, and irrigation was stopped 10~15 days before harvest.

Fertilization principles. Bananas require more and more timely nutrients than other cash crops. Nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer were mainly applied in early vegetative growth stage; after flower bud differentiation, corm thickened obviously, new leaves enlarged and entered reproductive growth, and potassium fertilizer was added to promote fruit development. The principle is to apply fertilizer frequently and thinly, a small amount and many times, and not to hurt roots. Co-application of water and fertilizer can be adopted to reduce field farming operations and avoid disease transmission caused by root injury.

Fertilization scheme. When the first new leaf grows, spray 2 kg urea solution of 0.2%~0.5%(concentration increases gradually with seedling growth) every 7~10 days until the number of new leaves is about 10. For weak or late growth seedlings, increase the amount of sprinkling 2~3 times. 10~25 newly harvested leaves, every 10~15 days, at 50~ 100 cm from banana stump, apply 30~60g compound fertilizer (potassium sulfate in compound fertilizer) with nitrogen and potassium ratio of 2∶1 to each plant, gradually increase fertilizer consumption with plant growth; when the number of newly harvested leaves reaches 15, gradually adjust the nitrogen and potassium ratio to 1∶3. Fertilizers can be sprayed with irrigation systems or sprayed onto the bed surface for leaching. When the number of newly harvested leaves was about 25, the corms expanded obviously and gradually entered the flower bud differentiation stage. At this time, compound fertilizer (12-12-21) 250~350g, potassium sulfate 100~150g, calcium magnesium phosphate 500g were applied to each plant at one time. When the number of newly harvested leaves is about 40, the banana gradually enters the bud stage, and 250~300g compound fertilizer (12-12-21) and 100~200g potassium sulfate are applied to each plant at one time. The two times of heavy fertilizer are spread between the two plants in the row, and the soil at the bottom of the ditch is cultivated. From bud extraction to half a month before harvest, 50~ 100g compound fertilizer (15-15-15) shall be applied to each plant every 15~ 20d according to the plant condition. The fertilizer can be sprayed together with irrigation, or sprayed on the surface of the ridge and then sprayed with water for leaching. The fertilizer shall be stopped 20~ 30d before harvest.

3.3 The plant is tall, the pseudostem is 460~500cm high, easy to be damaged by wind disaster, and the daily management cost is high. When the pseudostem height of banana plant was 1.0 m, the plant was dwarfed with 25% PP333 suspension agent for the first time, and the dosage was 4.0~ 6.0 g per plant.(According to the growth of plants, it was applied twice, the first application was 1.0~ 2.0 g/plant, the second application was 3.0~ 4.0 g/plant, and the interval between two applications was 30 days). The height of plants could be reduced by 20%~30% by spraying 200~500g water on soil or spraying the whole plant. The safe interval between the last application and harvest was more than 9 months.

3.4 Ear management school bud. Bud stage, often check banana plants, bud drooping position just above the petiole, early bud carefully moved to the petiole side, so that its natural drooping growth. At the same time cut off the leaves near or in contact with the buds.

Leave leaves, comb leaves and wipe flowers. According to flowering season, tree size, number of functional leaves (usually 1 functional leaf leaves leave fruit comb, winter banana usually has frozen leaves, so 1.5 functional leaves leave fruit comb), fruit development and climatic conditions to determine, each cluster of fruit comb 7~9, 8 comb is appropriate. Remove all banana flowers from the fruit comb when the fruit fingers are parallel to the ground. When the fruit fingers are about four to five percent full, leave leaves in accordance with the principle of 1 comb banana leaf to speed up the fruit comb fullness.

Broken bud. The buds should be broken as early as 15~20 days after combing to avoid nutrient consumption, and the buds should be broken at 2~3 nodes under the end of combing. Bud break should be carried out in the afternoon on a sunny day, wound healing fast, stay before combing and after bud break timely apply medicine to protect fruit.

Stand upright and protect banana. Before typhoon season comes or when preparing budding to begin to erect piles, bamboo or wood can be used to do banana piles.

When erecting piles, drill holes at 15~ 30cm away from banana stumps, the depth of the holes is about 40cm, erect banana stumps into the holes and compact them tightly, and then tie the false stems to banana stumps with ropes, and tie them firmly in three sections. When erecting stakes for plants without buds, banana stakes should be placed on one side of the plant inclined to the ground, forming a stable triangle with the plant and the ground, and banana stakes should avoid the position where banana buds droop; when erecting stakes for plants with buds, banana stakes should be placed on the side or the other side of false stems and banana buds (clusters) to avoid scraping and collision between banana stakes and fruits, and the upper part of banana stakes should be firmly tied to fruit shafts.

3.5 The suctioning buds growing from the mother plants of clean banana orchard will consume a lot of nutrients. When the suctioning buds grow to 15~30cm, cut them off at the base together with the growth point with a sharp hook knife. At the same time, cut off the withered and diseased leaves near the ground and clean up the garden. Spray sterilization immediately after cutting leaves and removing buds to prevent infection and decay of wound germs. The weeds within 40cm from the bulb should be manually removed. The herbicide can be sprayed with contact herbicide such as paraquat 500 times solution. The spray head at seedling stage should be equipped with protective cover and should not be sprayed on the leaves. The malignant weeds in the garden and ditch and bank should be removed in time. The herbicide should be stopped after bud extraction.

4 Pest control

Pest control should adhere to "prevention first, integrated control", according to the rules of pest occurrence, scientific and rational use of chemical pesticides, effective control of pest damage. Improve the ecological environment of banana garden, increase organic fertilizer and potassium fertilizer to enhance plant disease resistance, strengthen cultivation management, and comprehensively apply various control measures. Spraying should be stopped within one month prior to harvest.

Root knot nematode disease. Select disease-free soil or sterile soil bagged seedlings. Strengthen fertilizer and water management in banana garden to promote new root growth. 10% thiazophos granules or 0.5% abamectin granules 1.5~ 2.0 kg/667m2, 3~4 times during the whole growth period.

Banana blight. Quarantine measures shall be strictly implemented, and it is strictly prohibited to import banana seedlings and propagation materials from the disease area; organic fertilizer and potassium fertilizer shall be added to improve the disease resistance of the plants; in the daily management process, banana stumps or root injuries shall be avoided as much as possible, and attention shall be paid to the prevention and control of root knot nematodes to avoid wound and insect mouth infection with germs and diseases.

Conditions can be rice-upland rotation; field found sick plants to be destroyed in time, and in the position of the sick plant sprinkle quicklime. If the diseased plants are contiguous, isolation fences should be set up.

Bacterial blight. At the early stage of banana seedling disease, 800 times solution of 2% kasugamycin WP, 2 000 times solution of 88% hydromycin WP, 400 times solution of 23% cuprine ammonia solution or 3 000 times solution of 20% agricultural streptomycin WP were used to irrigate roots. The pesticide was applied once every 7~10 days, 2~3 times in total, 1kg for each plant. When banana plants were large, the dosage should be increased appropriately.

Soot disease. When the bracts are opened, the buds and young fruits are sprayed with 800 times solution of 70% thiophane methyl or 800 times solution of 75% darkonine WP +1 500 times solution of 25% azoxystrobin (amixil) every 30 days.

Pseudostem weevil. After harvesting, clean up the residual plants and search and kill all kinds of insects hidden in them. In combination with garden clearing, leaf sheaths with eggs on the outer layer of pseudostems are regularly stripped and adults are captured. From the end of November to the beginning of April of the next year, the larvae were poisoned by drugs during the peak period. 20% Yishubao granules were applied to banana roots according to 10g per plant, or 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate and 40.8% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate were poured into the grooves of upper petioles, 150~200mL per plant.

Get butterflies. When larvae first appear, remove the buds and kill them.

Worm body; dead leaves will be retting for ash fertilizer, compost before winter to warm spring, in order to eliminate latent larvae and pupae. 6-10 During the peak period of monthly larva occurrence, control the young larva stage by spraying leaves with chemicals, such as 90% crystalline trichlorfon 1 000 times solution, 50% phoxim 1 000 times solution or 40% metributin 4 000 times solution.

Tetranychus mites. During August and October, when spider mites were seriously damaged, 4 000~5 000 times solution of 1.8% abamectin EC, 1 000 times solution of 73% kuaifen EC or 2 000~3 000 times solution of 5% sythiazox EC were sprayed to kill the back of leaves, focusing on the middle and lower leaves.

5 Cold weather measures

Before winter, apply lime 1kg+ calcium magnesium phosphate 1kg+ decomposed pig manure 5~10kg+ cake fertilizer 0.5 kg to each plant, cover the ridge surface with white plastic film to keep warm, enhance the cold resistance of the plant, so as to facilitate the winter; before the cold current comes, wrap the bare ear stalk with its own short leaves or kraft paper, and more than 30% of banana fruits are bagged for cold protection. First spray 70% thiophane methyl 800 times solution +70% imidacloprid 800 times solution to control diseases and insect pests, bag after the solution is dry, cover the ears with pearl cotton (inner bag)+ blue polyethylene film (outer bag) double-layer bag to prevent mechanical abrasion, bag up and down transparent type to avoid diseases caused by excessive humidity in the bag. After the middle of February, the temperature gradually warmed up and the bags were opened in time, and 800 times solution of 25% pyraclostrobin +45% beta-cypermethrin was sprayed to control banana fruit diseases.

6 Fruit harvesting and post-harvest treatment

When the fullness is 90%, the fruit can be harvested when the fat finger is round and the angle is not obvious. The length of the fruit shaft is 10cm. After cutting, it is gently placed on the soft cushion. In the process of harvesting, the ears cannot be collided, scratched, or stacked together.