Introduction performance of New Peach Variety Gao Bao in Tai'an, Shandong Province

Introduction performance of New Peach Variety Gao Bao in Tai'an, Shandong Province

Fund projects: modern agricultural industry technology system construction project (CARS-31-Z-09), national science and technology support plan project (2013BAD02B03-3-1).

1 materials and methods

1.1 Test site

The Tianping Lake Experimental Base of Shandong Fruit Tree Research Institute has an average altitude of 165m, soil thickness of 0.8m and 1.0m, soil organic matter content of 10.2g / kg and pH 7.2. The annual sunshine is 2627 hours, the annual average temperature is 12.8 ℃, the precipitation is 697mm, and the frost-free period is 195 days.

1.2 Test materials

Gao Bao is a new mid-late ripening peach variety bred by the Forestry Fruit Research Institute of Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences. It was bred by crossing Huayu as female parent and American nectarine variety Flavortop as male parent. In 2011, it was introduced into Shandong Fruit Research Institute for planting.

1.3 Test methods

In the spring of 2011, the seedlings of treasure peach were planted by ridging, the row spacing was 2m × 4m, and the vetch was covered by planting hairy leaves between rows. Trunk shaping is adopted and pruning twice in winter and summer throughout the year, mainly plastic and thinning pruning [2]. In October every year, base fertilizer was applied in ditches, about 5000kg was used as mature farm manure per 666.7m2, and 100~200kg slow-release nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer was applied. In the whole year, conventional low-toxic pesticides were sprayed 9 times to control diseases and insect pests. Timely watering and drainage according to soil moisture. The growth results of treasures were observed and recorded for 6 years in a row.

2 results and analysis

2.1 Botanical characteristics

The annual branches are reddish brown on the positive side and green on the shade side, with an average Internode length of 2.19 cm; leaf blade long oval-lanceolate, green, leaf base broadly cuneate, leaf margin obtusely serrated, leaf tip acuminate; leaf length 13.3~16.1cm, width 3.8~4.5cm, petiole length 0.9cm. Leaf glands reniform, 2-4. The initial node of flower bud is 1-3 nodes, and there are many compound flower buds. Flowers rose-shaped, petals pink, 5-7-merous, anthers orange, more pollen, pistil and stamen equal to or slightly higher than stamens.

2.2 Fruit economic traits

The fruit of Ruobao peach is nearly round and the top is round and flat; the suture is medium-deep, the two halves are symmetrical, the maturity is the same, and the hairs are medium. The fruit shape is large, the average weight of single fruit is 277g, the maximum is 326g (figure 1). The background of the fruit is milky white, with a red halo above 1 amp 2. The pericarp is medium-thick and difficult to peel off. The flesh is milky white, there is red pigment near the core, the fiber content is medium, the meat is delicate, hard and crisp, the juice is much, and the average content of soluble solids is 12.7%. The flavor is sweet and fragrant. Off-core, resistant to storage and transportation (figure 2).

Figure 1 the result of the treasure

Fig. 2 characters of treasure fruit

2.3 growth and fruiting habits

The treasure tree is half-open, moderate in potential, medium in sprouting ability and high in branch formation rate. It can produce secondary shoots 2 or 3 times a year, and the average annual growth of new shoots is 68.5cm. The fruit of young trees is mainly medium and long fruit branches, and all kinds of fruit branches can bear fruit after entering the full fruit stage. The natural fruit setting rate is 36.2%. The ability of early fruit is strong and the yield is high, the flower bud is formed in the first year and the flower bud is formed in the second year, the plant yield is about 12.6kg in the third year when planted at the density of 2m × 4m, and in the fourth year, the plant yield can reach 26.6kg, which is equal to 2216.7kg per 666.7m2.

2.4 Phenological phase

In Taian area, the leaf buds germinate in the middle of March, bloom in early April, bloom in the first and middle of April, the flowering period is about one week, the fruit matures in the middle and last ten days of August, the fruit development period is about 130 days, the leaves fall in the middle and last ten days of November, and the growth period is about 240 days.

2.5 Resistance and adaptability

Treasure peach cultivated in Tai'an area is not particularly susceptible to diseases and insect pests, but has a certain resistance to low temperature in winter and cold in late spring, and its yield is not affected. Strong drought tolerance, no fruit cracking in summer rainy season, good resistance and adaptability [Cyclocarya paliurus].

3 main points of cultivation techniques

3.1 shaping and pruning

The trunk shape was used for shaping and pruning, the trunk was fixed above 50cm, the center was selected to prolong the stem, and the fruiting branch group was planted evenly on it. Pruning is mainly used to remove strong and dense branches to ensure that the trees are ventilated and transparent. The renewal of fruiting branches should be done well to avoid the tree potential of being strong at the top and weak at the bottom. [Jishan Huayao]

3.2 Fertilizer and water management

Every year, fertilization is mainly applied in autumn, and mature farm manure is dug on both sides of the crown, which can be matched with bag-controlled slow-release compound fertilizer, and fertilizer can be applied appropriately according to the growth of the tree in the growing season. According to the weather conditions, timely watering, rainy summer season timely drainage.

3.3 Flower and fruit management

The natural fruit setting rate of gems is high, and there is no need for artificial pollination. When planting, we should do a good job of thinning flowers and fruits in spring, remove flowers, diseases, insect pests and malformed fruits, and reasonably arrange the amount of fruit to ensure fruit quality. During harvest, the fruit can be harvested in batches according to fruit maturity and transportation distance, so as to achieve the best fruit quality.

3.4 Disease and pest control

The treasure is not particularly susceptible to diseases and insect pests, so conventional low-toxic pesticides can be used for pest control. As a mid-late maturing variety, gems can be bagged, with emphasis on pest control before flower bud germination, after flowering, before bagging and after fruit harvest.

4 summary

After 6 years of continuous observation, the cultivation of treasure peach in Tai'an area showed good adaptability. It grows well on sandy and loam soil, has good yield, is easy to flower, has high seed setting rate of self-flowering, and has no special diseases and insect pests. The fruit is ripe in the middle and late August with sweet flavor and resistance to storage and transportation. it can be used as an excellent mid-late ripening replacement variety to develop in this region and areas with similar ecological conditions.