High-yielding planting techniques of Golden Pear

High-yielding planting techniques of Golden Pear

1 to build a garden

The sand loam in the experimental garden has flat topography, irrigation conditions and good drainage. Before the establishment of the garden, the whole garden turned 60cm deeply and raked flat. For planned close planting, the row spacing of high density plants was 1m × 3m or 1.5m × 2m. 5m × 2m planting, interplant and interrow thinning after crown transfer. Dig the planting hole, 60cm the length, width and depth, apply organic fertilizer 15kg to the plant, and irrigate and settle down. The finished seedlings of 2-year-old golden pear with height above 100cm, base diameter above 1. 0cm, rootstock du pear, new century pear and Zaosu pear as pollination tree were selected, and the ratio of golden pear to pollination tree was 5 ∶ 1. After planting, irrigate steadily, arrange the tree plate, and cover with 1m2 plastic film. 80cm with fixed dry height, all buds carved in the plastic belt, covered with plastic bags with wide 6cm and long 50cm, cut off a corner of the bag when the new tip was 2 ~ 3cm, cut off the top of the bag 5 ~ 6 days later, and cut 1 / 3 from the top to the bottom of the binding rope, showing a trumpet downward shape to prevent underground pests from eating bud leaves.

2Fertilizer and water management

In late September every year, base fertilizer was applied immediately after fruit harvest, and rotten chicken manure 3000kg was applied in every 666.6 7m2 annular furrow. 110g ternary compound fertilizer was applied to each plant, 20 ~ 30cm deep and wide 30cm radiation ditch. In the middle and last ten days of June every year, the tree plate is covered with grass, the thickness is 20cm, and it is not turned deeply in autumn to protect the shallow roots. From the second year of seedling planting, urea 0.3 ~ 0. 5kg was applied before flowering, and ternary compound fertilizer 0.3 ~ 0. 4kg was applied at spring shoot blooming stage and fruit expansion stage, respectively. From late April to late May every year, spray 0. 3% urea plus 0. 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 0. 2% photosynthetic micro-fertilizer every 10 days, spray 3 times, spray 0. 4% urea plus 0. 3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate twice in late September, spray 0. 2% borax plus 0. 3% urea during flowering. The relative water content of garden soil is kept at 60% ~ 80%, which is less than 60% and irrigated in time. Combined with fertilization, irrigate pre-flowering water, spring shoot growing water, fruit swelling water and frozen water.

3 shaping and pruning

The tree is in the shape of a slender spindle, with a height of 2.5 ~ 3m, 13 ~ 15 main branches and a high 70cm of the trunk. Every year, 3 ~ 4 main branches are selected on the central trunk, and the main branches extend uniaxially without leaving lateral branches. In spring, two buds were carved into one bud on both sides of the main branch, and the buds were not carved in the 30cm away from the central stem. When the new shoots stop growing, the branches open the angle, and when the length of the main branch is more than 1 m, it stretches to 70 ~ 80 °, which promotes the formation of flower buds and maintains ventilation and light transmission. After the number of main branches is enough, the central trunk is happy to lose its head. The thickness of the main branch should not exceed 1 / 2 of the thickness of the central trunk. If the main branch is too thick, the upper part of the branch will be thinned and its growth potential will be weakened. The long fruit branches with continuous fruit were renewed in time, and the long fruit branches dominated by axillary flower buds shrank back to the branches with strong growth potential at the age of 3 years. After the fourth year, the main branch of the crown retracted, and the temporary plant lengthened the branch, leaving room for the permanent plant to extend the branch until the temporary plant was removed, and the row spacing became 2m × 3m or 4m × 3m.

4 Flower and fruit management

① bees pollinate. Honeybees were introduced 2 ~ 3 days before flowering. One hive (1500 ~ 2000 bees) per 5000m2 (7 ~ 8 mu) was placed in the leeward and sunny place. Insecticidal and fungicides are sprayed 10-15 days before bee release, and any chemical agents are strictly prohibited during bee release. ② thinning flowers and fruits. From the inflorescence separation stage to the full flowering stage, one inflorescence was left in 20cm and one inflorescence in weak tree 25cm, with 3 flowers per inflorescence, and fruit thinning began 2 weeks after flowering, leaving 1 fruit per inflorescence, 2 in a few, large fruit and side fruit, and removing diseases and insect pests, askew fruit and small fruit. ③ fruit bagging. The method of bagging twice was used to cover a small wax bag of 8cm × 12cm 15 ~ 20 days after flowering. For the second time, 30-40 days after the first bagging, a double-layer bag of 16cm × 20cm was put on directly without removing the small bag. Spray 70% methyl topiramate plus methomyl 1200 times before bagging, and bag after the solution is dry. The order of tree canopy bagging is first up then down, first inside and then out.

(5) Disease and pest control

Spraying 3 ~ 5 °be stone sulfur mixture and 100 times pentachlorophenol sodium before flower bud germination to control overwintering diseases and insect pests. During inflorescence separation, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder was sprayed 2500 times plus 12.5% razolol wettable powder 2500 times to control aphids, pear planthopper and so on. Spray 1. 8% avermectin EC 5000 times plus 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2500 times and 80% large wettable powder to control pear planthopper, aphid and rust. When covering a large bag, spray 48% Lesbon EC 1200 ~ 1500 times plus 3% acetamiprid EC 1500 times to control Tenebrio Molitor, APHIS gossypii and Pear planthopper. When the yellow powder aphid was found to be harmful to the bag during the fruit expansion period, 4000 imidacloprid wettable powder was sprayed with 25% imidacloprid wettable powder and sprayed again every 7 ~ 10 days. When red spider and two-spotted spider mite occur, 1500-2000 times of triazoltin wettable powder can be used. Black spot disease was treated with 1 ∶ 2 ∶ Bordeaux solution. 15-20 days before harvest, 1000-fold solution of 70% methyl topiramate wettable powder was sprayed with ring streak and black spot as the main control object.