Common diseases and insect pests of Morchella and their preventive methods

Common diseases and insect pests of Morchella and their preventive methods

Molluscs: including snails and slugs, which grow in dark, moist grass, fallen leaves or under rocks, go out day and night and chew ascomycetes of sheep belly fungus, causing serious harm. The prevention and control of such pests can be eliminated by manual hunting. The prevention and control of slugs can also be controlled by chemicals: bean cake or fried cottonseed cake and trichlorfon are made into poison bait in the proportion of 10 ∶ 1, applying 4 kilograms per mu and spreading in the evening to trap and kill.

Termites: often occur in the sowing process, termites directly eat bacteria, resulting in serious losses. Termite damage often occurs in woodland and immobile soil fields with rich leaves of humus, which can be prevented and controlled by exposure to the field before sowing. In addition, for the newly reclaimed fields, 50kg quicklime per mu before sowing can effectively reduce the damage of termites. When termite damage is found, spray with 48% Lesbon EC 1 000 to 1 500 times.

Rats: rats chew on bacteria and young mushrooms, which can be prevented and controlled by conventional means of catching or killing rats.

Jumping insects: in the cultivation and production of Morchella, especially when the sugary wastes such as cornstalks or soil agricultural wastes in the soil are more fertile, it is very easy to break out the harm of jumping insects, which will move in the soil crevices and chew on the mycelium of Morchella; it will also drill into the exogenous nutrition bag and multiply in the bag, causing mycelium damage and nutrient loss. In the warm and humid spring season, large-scale jumping insects will also chew on the ascomycetes, and the development of the bitten ascomycetes is blocked, which can easily lead to other diseases. Prevention and control methods: 1. About one month before sowing, the field was ploughed and spread according to the use of quicklime of 50-75 kg per mu. After ploughing and exposure, the harm of jumping insects could be effectively reduced. 2. Remove the agricultural waste materials in the field, especially the sugar-rich sundries such as corn straw, and reduce the source of nutrients; 3. Rotation operation, rice field irrigation operation can also effectively kill jumping insects and eggs; 4. According to the water-loving habits of the diving insects, the fields with serious jumping insects can use small pots to hold clear water in the places where they occur. After jumping in the water, they will continue to use water to trap and kill them. For several times in a row, the population density of the insects will be greatly reduced.

Mites: mites are very small, with a large number of mites, which are only 1mm to 2mm in size. It mainly harms the mycelium and bites the fruiting body. When a large number of mites occur, acaricides can be used to treat the border surface.

Grass damage: a large number of weeds, moss and other plants occur in the field, the yield of Morchella is generally not very high. After sowing, the border surface can be covered with black and white film, which can effectively control the occurrence of weeds. At the same time, it can also be properly ventilated to reduce soil moisture.

Fungal diseases: sheep tripe ascomycetes occur in season, such as high temperature and humidity weather, it is easy to break out mold diseases. If the prevention and control is not proper, it will cause a large area outbreak and serious losses. Disease characteristics: the ascomycetes are moldy on the surface and the white aerial hyphae are exuberant, resulting in decay, death or deformity of the mushroom body, which seriously affects the quality. Studies have shown that there are a large number of endophytic fungi including Fusarium oxysporum in ascomycetes. When the environment is right, these endophytic fungi are very likely to break out and cause harm. In addition, there are no research reports on fungal infection or diseases of Morchella, and there are no exact prevention and control methods, so we should focus on prevention and control: first, exposure to the sun in the field for more than a week before sowing can effectively control the occurrence of mold diseases; the second is to avoid high temperature and humidity for a long time in the mushroom season to strengthen ventilation, humidity and temperature to prevent and control the disease. Third, in the sowing and feeding link, in case of high temperature, different degrees of mold will occur in the mushroom bed, which can be sprayed on the spot and buried with quicklime; fourth, Fusarium uses carbendazim or copper sulfate for prevention and control.

Bacterial diseases: bacterial diseases often occur in the process of mushroom emergence, such as fungal diseases, which are often accompanied by the outbreak of high temperature and humidity, such as red stalk, decay and odor.