Propagation and Pest Control and cultivation techniques of Pinus elliottii in Northeast China

Propagation and Pest Control and cultivation techniques of Pinus elliottii in Northeast China

1 morphological characteristics

Pinus koraiensis is a coniferous evergreen tree with a maximum of 35m and a DBH of 1.2m. The lower part of the bark is grayish brown, split into irregular scales, fissures and upper bark reddish brown; big branches spreading or obliquely upward, old trees flat-topped; branchlets stout, yellowish brown, glossy, without white powder; winter buds oblong, apical tip, slightly resinous, bud scales reddish brown. Needles 2 needles and 1 bundle, dark green, thick, long 10~20cm, diameter 1.0~1.5mm, margin serrulate, stomatal lines on both sides, transverse section semicircular, subcutaneous cells discontinuous 2-layer, marginal, corner and back occasionally mesophytic; leaf sheath light brown at first and then light dark brown. Male cones style-shaped, long 1.5~2.0cm, gathering in the lower part of new branches is spikelike; current year's young cones ovoid, yellowish brown or yellowish green, erect. Cones ovate or ovoid, long 4~8cm, with short stalks, almost at right angles to branches, yellowish brown after maturity, often persistent for several years; middle species scales nearly oblong-Obovate, long 1.5~2.0cm, wide 1.0~2.0cm, scale shield hypertrophy, glossy, flat rhomboid or flattened rhomboid polygonal, transverse ridge obvious, longitudinal ridge almost absent, navel obvious, with spines. The length of the seed is 5~10mm, the length of the wing is 1.5~2.0cm, and the wing is 2-3 times as long as the seed. The flowering period is May, and the cones mature in the first and middle October of the following year. Distributed in Northeast, North China, Northwest and Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu and other places.

2 Seedling propagation

2.1 site selection

Northeast black pine seedlings do not like wet and low-lying land, so we must choose plots with flat terrain and good drainage. The land with heavy soil viscosity, high salinity and low-lying stagnant water is not suitable to be used as seedling nursery.

2.2 Land preparation

Soil preparation was carried out in autumn, before soil preparation, fully rotten farm manure was applied, 1000kg per mu was applied, 12kg potassium permanganate powder was evenly applied per mu, and turned into the soil for sterilization and disinfection. Turn 30cm deeply, rake flat and rake fine, make big ridge in north-south direction, monopolize high 30cm, 1.2m wide, ready for use.

2.3 seed treatment

The seeds were soaked in Bordeaux solution for disinfection, soaked in 50-60 ℃ warm water for 48 hours, then mixed with 3 ∶-1 seeds and sand, stratified to accelerate germination. Generally, it can germinate in about 20 days, and when the seed opening germination rate reaches more than 40%, it can be sown.

2.4 sowing

The northeast region chooses to sow in spring. It is better to sow 10-20 days after soil thawing in spring. Before sowing, the mulch surface is watered thoroughly, and wide strips are used to sow, and the furrow surface is ditched with a depth of 5 cm ·m ~ 2 ·cm ~ 2 and the sowing amount is about 0.1kg. After sowing, the fine sand soil 2cm is thick, compacted and watered through. To build a small arch shed on the monopolized surface, in order to prevent rodent damage, it is necessary to sprinkle some rat poison on the monopolized surface before building the arch shed to cover the film. Cover with plastic film to increase the temperature and humidity of the seedbed.

2.5 Seedling stage management

After the seedlings come out, increase the ventilation and light transmission of the seedling bed, promote the growth of seedlings and enhance the resistance of seedlings. The seedling stage is more shade-tolerant, remove the plastic film and shade with a shade net to prevent poor seedling growth caused by high temperature sunlight.

Entering the high temperature and dry season, watering should be carried out in time, and the seedbed should be dry and wet. Drainage should be done in time during the rainy season. According to the principles of weeding early, small and clean, weeding should be carried out in time and should be pulled out gently when weeding, so as to avoid harming the roots of seedlings when pulling out weeds. After pulling the grass, the fine soil should be covered and compacted in time.

During the prosperous period of seedling growth, it is necessary to apply fertilizer in time. Two or three times of fertilization should be carried out, mainly nitrogen fertilizer and mature farm manure, and 15kg manure should be applied per mu. Urea 5kg per mu. In the later stage of growth, topdressing phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can promote the Lignification of seedlings, which is beneficial to seedlings overwintering.

2.6 transplanting

Large seedlings are needed in production, and large seedlings need to be transplanted to cultivate large seedlings. 2-year-old seedlings were transplanted with soil blocks before germination in early spring, plant spacing 25cm, row spacing 55cm, do not hurt the terminal bud of seedlings, and should be watered in time after transplanting. The seedlings of more than 5 years old can be transplanted for the second time with soil ball, plant spacing 60cm, row spacing 120cm. When transplanting, a rotten farm manure 5kg was applied, and a hole was dug around the plant, then the soil was buried and watered once.

When transplanting bare roots of 2-year-old seedlings, the root system should be protected to avoid root exposure, resulting in physiological drought death. Planting as you dig, the survival rate is high. Big seedlings for greening. The best transplanting time is when dormant in winter and thawing in spring. Big seedlings must take soil balls when transplanting, and soil balls must be wound and fixed with grass rope. Soil balls should be prevented from breaking in the process of transportation, and columns should be fixed after planting to prevent gale lodging.

4 diseases and insect pests

The main pests in seedling cultivation are flies and pine aphids. The seed fly feeds on endosperm or cotyledons, causing malformation and decay of seed buds and unable to emerge. Control methods: (1) when applying fertilizer, rotten farm manure should be applied to control the breeding of insect eggs. (2) during the peak spawning period of adults, 2.5% deltamethrin 2500 times, or 25% Eckas EC 1300 times, or 25% methyl isosalidophos EC 1800 times. (3) Chemical treatment of soil or seeds. Seed dressing with 25% phoxim capsules and other organophosphorus agents or seed coating agents can also control underground pests. The pine aphid mainly harms the tender branches and leaves of the seedlings, causing tree weakness, affecting growth and causing plant death. Control method: when pests occur, spray 52% phoxim emulsion 2000 times in time.