Heavy disclosure: the reasons for high quality and high yield in Dutch greenhouse cultivation

The land area of the Netherlands is small. In order to make efficient use of the limited land, the Dutch government has made great efforts to develop animal husbandry and horticultural crops with high added value. Facility agriculture in the Netherlands is a typical representative of developed agriculture in foreign countries. as early as 2014, its modern greenhouse area has exceeded 10,000 hm2, accounting for 0.5% of the agricultural arable land area. Facility horticulture has a population of 120000, with an annual output value of 5.6 billion euros, with an average annual output value of 600000 euros per hectare and an annual output value of 46700 euros per capita. So, what are the reasons for high quality and high yield of Dutch agriculture?

High standard glass intelligent greenhouse

On the basis of high-standard multi-span greenhouse, Dutch protected cultivation adopts advanced cultivation techniques and modern hardware equipment to increase the yield per unit area, and its vegetable crop yield level occupies a leading position in the world.

After years of development, the structure of the glass greenhouse in the Netherlands has been very mature. Take Red Harvest farm as an example, the greenhouse was built in 2009, and its structure is a typical Venlo all-glass greenhouse. This type of greenhouse has a high ridge height, which can not only meet the needs of the hanging line cultivation system in the greenhouse, but also increase the buffer space and maintain the stability of the indoor environment. In addition, the area of single greenhouse in the Netherlands is generally large, which is convenient to realize large-scale and mechanized management while increasing the buffer capacity.

Intelligent environmental control system

In the aspect of environmental control, all the greenhouse in the Netherlands adopts automatic control to control the temperature, humidity and CO? Concentration and other environmental factors can realize automatic monitoring, recording and regulation, and provide suitable environmental conditions for tomato growth.

01

Light management

Light is one of the key factors to meet crop growth, and when other factors are satisfied, increasing light by 1% means increasing yield by 1%. The Netherlands attaches great importance to glass cleaning. It is generally cleaned 8 times a year to ensure that the light transmittance of the greenhouse can reach more than 70%. In addition, the Dutch greenhouse is generally not equipped with external sunshade, and there is only one thermal screen inside, which is also used as internal sunshade, which greatly improves the efficiency of light transmission; about 20% of the greenhouse in the Netherlands is equipped with supplementary lights, mainly high-pressure sodium lamps.

02

Heating management

The heating mode of greenhouse tomato production in the Netherlands is mainly heated by the hot water pipe, and the hot water pipe at the bottom of the greenhouse is also used as the track of the rail car. Dutch hot water is mainly heated by natural gas boilers, which can be turned on or off at any time through computer automatic control to meet the temperature conditions in the greenhouse.

03

Ventilation and cooling management

The ventilation and cooling system of greenhouse in the Netherlands mainly includes greenhouse skylight, circulating fan, internal sunshade and other equipment. Ventilation and cooling in the greenhouse is mainly achieved by opening the skylight on the roof of the greenhouse. The modern multi-span greenhouse can control the opening and opening angle of the skylight according to the factors such as time, temperature in the greenhouse, external light conditions, indoor humidity and so on. In order to ensure the uniformity of the climate in the greenhouse, the Dutch greenhouse is generally equipped with an air circulation system, which is opened or closed according to the temperature changes in different locations in the greenhouse to keep the climate in the greenhouse in a stable and balanced state. In order to prevent the temperature in the greenhouse from getting too high in summer, the general Dutch greenhouse is also equipped with internal sunshade and acts as an insulation screen in winter, which is opened when the light intensity and temperature is high in summer to prevent the temperature in the greenhouse from getting too high.

04

Carbon dioxide concentration management

Greenhouse production in the Netherlands has CO? Can the additional application system maintain CO in the greenhouse? When the concentration is about 900 μ mol/mol, the yield can be increased by more than 30%. CO? It is produced by heating a natural gas boiler and is an accessory to greenhouse heating.

Modern cultivation technology is the core

After years of development, greenhouse production in the Netherlands has formed a set of modern production technology system. Taking tomato production in Red Harvest farm as an example, modern production techniques include variety selection, plant management, soilless cultivation, grafting and so on. After years of experiments and practical experience, these techniques are summarized into standardized production techniques, which are highly scientific, practical and standardized, and are the core of realizing high yield of tomato.

01

Automatic irrigation system

The facilities in the Netherlands adopt a precise control system, which can not only adjust the amount of irrigation according to different periods of crops, but also adjust the water supply timely according to solar radiation during the day, so as to ensure that the demand of crops can be met at the same time. Avoid water waste.

02

Precision fertilization

The precision of fertilization in Dutch tomato production is mainly reflected in two aspects. First, in terms of quality, the weekly fertilizer formula is based on the test value of the return liquid and the test value of Rain Water to prepare the nutrient solution mother liquid that conforms to the formula of a particular period. Second, in terms of dosage, the amount of tomato nutrient solution is controlled by fertilization system, which varies according to temperature, light and other environmental factors.

Pest control system

The prevention and control of greenhouse diseases and insect pests in the Netherlands adhere to the concept of source control and comprehensive prevention and control, take the precise control of temperature and humidity and the construction of beneficial insect ecosystem as the basis, give full play to the advantages of natural control and ecological control, and take scientific and chemical control as the necessary supplement. Through regular monitoring and early warning, formulate the best control strategy, in order to achieve the purpose of effective prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, reduce yield losses and ensure product safety.

01

Pest isolation system

The Dutch greenhouse has been building a closed crop growth system, and there is a strict disinfection process for entering the production greenhouse. Specific operators must also disinfect the tools after completing a work in each operation. At the end of each crop production, the greenhouse is usually thoroughly disinfected. The perfect isolation system of diseases and insect pests ensures a clean production environment in the greenhouse.

02

Precise environmental regulation

Controlling the suitable temperature and humidity in the greenhouse is the key factor to ensure the normal growth of plants and the less occurrence of diseases and insect pests. Taking tomato production in Red Harvest greenhouse as an example, through heating system, CO? The comprehensive application of supply system, ventilation system and computer control system can realize real-time and accurate control, provide the best growth environment for plants and avoid the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.

03

Rock wool cultivation substrate

Rock wool is generally used as the substrate for tomato production in the Netherlands. Because rock wool is made from rock by melting at high temperature, compared with other substrates, it is light, porous and free of diseases and insect pests, which effectively avoids the occurrence of soil-borne diseases.

04

Comprehensive application of multiple prevention and control manual

The prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in greenhouse production in the Netherlands is dominated by biological control, supplemented by physical control and chemical control. Taking tomato production in Red Harvest greenhouse as an example, the main pest control objects are whitefly, leaf miner, aphid and so on. Bemisia Tabaci, aphids and other natural enemies are used to control whitefly; leafminer is used to control leafminer; thrips and aphids are controlled by blue board and yellow board.

05

Monitoring and early warning mechanism

Take tomato production in Red Harvest farm as an example, the plant protection specialist of the farm regularly monitors diseases and insect pests every week, and pesticides are used to control diseases or pests beyond the scope of natural enemy control in time. For example, whitefly whitefly is monitored with a yellow board with a size of 25 cm × 10 cm. If the number of whitefly on the same yellow board increases by more than 80 heads per piece in two weeks, chemical control methods will be used. Through regular monitoring, formulate the best prevention and control strategy to effectively improve the control effect.

Intelligently reduce labor costs

Labor cost is one of the main costs of greenhouse production in the Netherlands. Reducing labor consumption and labor intensity has always been the goal of greenhouse production in the Netherlands.

01

Matching hardware system to improve work efficiency

The facility greenhouse in the Netherlands adopts automatic control system to uniformly manage the facilities and equipment such as environmental control, water and fertilizer management, data detection and so on. Take Red Harvest as an example, the greenhouse automation control system of the farm will be heating system, CO? The application system, irrigation system, ventilation and cooling system, and nutrient solution recovery and utilization system are integrated to facilitate the normal operation of the entire greenhouse on a single computer; in addition, the greenhouse is generally equipped with labor-saving equipment systems such as picking cars, lifting rail cars, transport vehicles, and so on, which further improves the operation efficiency of workers.

02

Specialized and detailed management to improve operation efficiency

In order to reduce labor costs, in addition to the application of automation equipment, greenhouse production in the Netherlands generally adopts professional division of labor, perfect management and supervision system to improve work efficiency.

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