If you want to do vegetable soilless cultivation, you need to learn these three techniques.

Soilless cultivation replaces soil environment with artificial crop root environment, which can effectively solve the contradiction of water, air and nutrient supply which is difficult to be solved in traditional soil cultivation, and make crop roots in the most suitable environmental conditions. in order to give full play to the potential of crop production. At present, the application of soilless cultivation technology has reached more than 100 countries and regions in the world. due to the gradual maturity and development of its cultivation technology, the scope of application and cultivation area have been continuously expanded, and the level of operation and technical management has improved unprecedentedly. Intensive and factory production has been realized, and the goals of high quality, high yield, high efficiency and low consumption have been achieved.

Aerosol cultivation

Aerosol cultivation is a soilless cultivation technique that uses a spray device to atomize the nutrient solution into small droplets and spray it directly to the plant roots to provide water and nutrients for plant growth. The crop is suspended in a closed cultivation device (trough, box, or bed), while the root system is exposed inside the cultivation device, and the nutrient solution is atomized through the spray device and sprayed to the root surface.

Animation demonstration of aerosol cultivation

It is the best way to solve the contradiction of root water vapor in all soilless cultivation techniques. at the same time, it is also easy to automatically control and carry out three-dimensional cultivation to improve the utilization rate of greenhouse space. It can double the crop yield. However, due to the continuous circulation of liquid supply, it is easy to cause problems if there is a power outage for a long time (more than 30 minutes) or pump failure, and can not circulate in time.

All kinds of aerosol cultivation introduced in the past are used for the cultivation of leaf vegetables and melons and fruits. A common feature of them is that the products that can be harvested for human use are the branches and fruits of the original aboveground parts. In fact, aerosol culture is the best cultivation method for harvesting root system or all kinds of tuber rhizomata. it is not only beneficial to the development of root system and tuber, but also very convenient to harvest in batches at any time. or selectively harvested according to standard specifications, some plants with harvested roots as medicinal plants are more conducive to the formation of developed roots and greatly increase the economic yield.

So what are the advantages and convenience of aerosol culture for underground utilization plants such as lily, potato, sweet potato and so on?

First of all, aerosol cultivation of these crops, like other leaf vegetables, melons and fruits, the formation rate of biological yield is greatly accelerated, which is several times higher than that of soil cultivation.

Secondly, its underground part can be inspected at any time, which is more convenient to observe and study the development of underground part, and to provide more field data for the formulation of management measures and the study of cultivation techniques. For example, the effect of foliar spraying paclobutrazol on potato tuber development is more convenient and intuitive than that of cultivation in soil.

In addition, when the soil-cultivated plants want to harvest the underground part, most of them are excavated at one time, resulting in different products and different quality, while the underground part is harvested by aerosol culture, just like picking melons and fruits, they can be harvested in batches and selectively, and the tuber bulbs harvested can achieve consistency in size and quality. by using this method, the overall economic yield is several times higher than that of one-time harvest. This may be related to the less waste of plant nutrition and the full conversion of biological yield into economic yield.

In addition, from the point of view of the technology itself, aerosol culture is also more convenient in operation and production. It can check the development of the underground part at any time, and can regulate and control the culture liquid at any time according to the development. What is more important is that the underground development is completed in the air. Its morphological development is not affected by soil mechanical resistance, and its ontogeny is extremely uniform, showing relative consistency of morphology. For example, potatoes show a consistent round or oval shape. It's like eggs of the same size. The management labor is also greatly reduced, there is no need to weed and loosen the soil, there is no need to cultivate soil and preserve soil moisture, the root tuber can develop without any barrier in the aerosol, so that its variety potential can be brought into full play, and the yield is several or dozens of times higher than that of ordinary soil cultivation.

Deep liquid trough cultivation

Deep liquid flow technique (DFT) refers to a hydroponic technique in which plant roots grow in a relatively deep and flowing nutrient layer. A nutrient solution of about 5cm or more is placed in the planting trough, in which the crop roots are placed, and a water pump is used to intermittently turn on the liquid supply to make the nutrient solution circulate to supplement the oxygen in the nutrient solution and make the nutrients in the solution more uniform. The deep liquid flow water culture facility is composed of planting trough, planting net or planting board, liquid storage tank, circulation system and so on. It is the earliest soilless cultivation technology which can be used for commercial production of crops. Can produce tomato, cucumber, pepper, Jiegu, towel gourd, melon, watermelon and other fruits and vegetables, as well as cabbage, Chinese cabbage, lettuce, lettuce, chives and other leafy vegetables.

Dynamic demonstration

Its characteristics are as follows:

The liquid layer of the nutrient solution is deeper, and in the deeper liquid layer of the root system, each plant occupies more liquid, so the concentration of nutrient solution, dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature and water storage are not easy to change rapidly. it provides a stable growth environment for the root system.

The plant is suspended on the horizontal plane of the nutrient solution, which makes the root neck of the plant leave the liquid surface, and the protruding root system can touch the nutrient solution. Because the root neck is immersed in the nutrient solution, it will rot and cause the plant to die, so the work of hanging the plant should be done well.

The nutrient solution circulates. In order to increase the dissolved oxygen in the nutrient solution and eliminate the local accumulation of harmful metabolites on the root surface, eliminate the difference of nutrient concentration between the root surface and extra-root nutrient solution and nutrient concentration, so that nutrients can be sent to the root surface in time to more fully meet the needs of plants.

Shallow liquid flow cultivation

Shallow liquid flow (NFT): its characteristic is that the liquid flow of circulating liquid supply is film-like, only a few millimeters thick shallow liquid flow flows through the bottom of the cultivation trough, the bottom of the root mat of hydroponic crops touches the shallow liquid flow to absorb water and fertilizer, and the upper part is exposed to moisture to absorb oxygen, which solves the contradiction between root water absorption and oxygen absorption. However, there are some shortcomings, such as shallow liquid flow, unstable liquid temperature, once power outage and water outage, the plant is easy to wither, and the stability of rhizosphere environment is poor, which limits its further development. This method is widely used in lettuce, tomato and other crops. The hydroponic facilities are mainly composed of five parts: nutrient tank, cultivation bed, liquid filling system, drainage system and circulation system.

Animation demonstration of shallow liquid flow cultivation technique

In contrast, the shallow liquid flow cultivation technique does not use a solid substrate, and in the inclined planting trough requiring a certain slope (about 1:75), the nutrient solution only flows through the crop roots in a thin layer a few millimeters deep, and part of the crop roots are immersed in the shallow flow nutrient solution. The other part is exposed to the moisture in the planting trough, which can better meet the oxygen demand of root respiration.

However, due to the poor buffering performance of its root environment, the temperature around the rhizosphere is greatly affected by the outside world. In addition, because the nutrient solution layer in the planting trough is relatively shallow, and the nutrient solution of about 5mm to 10mm is held in the planting tank, the total amount of nutrient solution in the planting system is less, so the concentration and composition of the nutrient solution are easy to change sharply, and the liquid is supplied continuously. The energy consumption is large, and it is easy to cause problems if there is a power outage for a long time or pump failure, but can not circulate in time. In high temperature and peak crop production, the transpiration of plant leaves is large. The consumption of nutrient solution is large, and the supply is not timely, and it is easy to cause plant wilting.

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