Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae and its standardized cultivation in Shandong

Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae and its standardized cultivation in Shandong

1. Land selection and preparation

Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae prefers warm and humid environment, and its adaptability and cold resistance are strong. In order to facilitate the growth and development of roots, sandy loam with deep, fertile and loose soil layer, rich in humus and good drainage should be selected. Mountain areas should choose sunny low-lying land, sufficient light, sufficient precipitation, non-pollution water quality, superior geographical environment and natural conditions.

(2) raising seedlings and transplanting

After ploughing and raking the land, make a wide 100~150cm border, apply enough basic fertilizer, turn it deeply, water it once, turn it once, rake fine and level it, and spread the seeds evenly on the border surface, tread gently with your feet once, so that the seeds are closely combined with the soil without covering the soil. After planting, sprinkle a thin layer of wheat bran or rice bran on top, sprinkle the ground dry with water, and often maintain moisture. After 2 months, you can transplant. The seedlings can be transplanted when they are 6~10cm high, and the seedbed should be watered once before transplanting, so that it is best to start seedlings with soil. The distance between transplanting rows is 30~35cm × 20~25cm, and 5 500 plants are planted per mu.

3Fertilizer and water management

The seedlings can be fixed when the seedling height is 6~7cm, and when the seedling height is 15~17cm, the weeding is carried out in the middle tillage, and the self-made organic-inorganic compound fertilizer based on phosphate fertilizer is 15 ~ 20kg. The field can neither accumulate water nor dry, pay attention to drainage in the rainy season, and water should be watered in drought. For cutting inflorescences and old stems, except for the inflorescences of seeds, other plants should gradually remove the extracted inflorescences from the middle of April, so as to keep nutrients concentrated on the roots, which is conducive to the growth of the roots; after the seeds are collected, the stems and leaves gradually wither, which is disadvantageous to the growth of the roots, cut off the old stems, make the base grow new seedlings again, and promote the roots to continue to grow.

4 Disease and pest control

4.1 Root rot is easy to occur in high temperature and rainy season. The roots of the damaged plants were black and the aboveground parts withered. Prevention and control methods: avoid continuous cropping in seriously ill areas; select land with dry terrain and good drainage for planting; pay attention to drainage in rainy season; irrigate with 1000 times of carbendazim during the onset of the disease.

4.2 Leaf spot mainly affects the leaves. There are nearly round or irregular dark brown spots on the leaves of the diseased plants, and the leaves die in severe cases. The disease is a bacterial disease. It began to occur in May and lasted until the end of autumn, and the disease was serious from June to July. Prevention and control measures: agricultural control: clean up the countryside and bury the diseased and residual plants deeply. Pay attention to drainage. Improve ventilation and light transmission conditions. Carry out crop rotation. Chemical control: during the onset of the disease, the roots were irrigated with 1000 times of carbendazim or 1000 times of methyl topiramate, and each 250mL was reperfused once every 7 to 10 days for 2 or 3 times in a row. You can also use a 500-fold solution of 70% methyl topiramate or a 600-fold solution of 75% chlorothalonil, spray once every 10 days, spray 2 times 3 times, and spray the base of the stem.

4.3 grubs do harm to larvae and bite off seedlings or mouth to eat roots, resulting in lack of seedlings or root cavity, resulting in serious harm. Control methods: fertilization should be fully mature, preferably with high-temperature compost; light trap to kill adults; seed dressing with 75% phoxim EC according to 0.1% of the seed amount; washing and irrigation with 1000 times of 90% trichlorfon or 75% phoxim EC in the field.

4.4 aphids suck sap from stems and leaves by adult nymphs, which in serious cases cause yellowing of stems and leaves. Control methods: clear the garden in winter, bury or burn the dead leaves deeply; spray 50% dimethoate or 40% dimethoate EC 1000-2000 times, once every 7-10 days. Several times in a row.

4.5 the larvae of Spodoptera litura bite on the leaves, which occurs in summer and autumn. Control method: use 1500 times solution of green worm powder containing more than 10 billion spores per gram. In addition, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2500 times or 5% Yitaibao EC 2000 times can be sprayed at low age, once every 20 days, once or twice. Spray 90% trichlorfon 800 times solution in infancy once every 7 days.

4.6 Helicoverpa armigera larvae harm buds, flowers and fruits, and affect seed yield. Prevention and treatment methods: ① per 667m2 use 50% parathion EC, or 50% phoxim EC 100ml; or 50% acephate EC 150ml; or 2.5% dimethoate EC or 20% butyl EC 25ml 30~40mL, water 50~60kg spray. ② uses the mixture of organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides, and the control effect is ideal.

5 harvesting and processing

It can be dug in both spring and autumn. After Frosts Descent, the leaves withered, the underground part stopped growing, dug up all the roots, went to the soil, removed the halter, and dried in the sun. The finished product must be dried and placed in a dry and ventilated place to prevent damp mildew and moth. When the stems and leaves are luxuriant in summer, pick leaves, dry in the sun or make tea. Inflorescences were collected during flowering and dried in the sun.