Cultivation and pest control techniques of Rhododendron chinense

Cultivation and pest control techniques of mountain red

Mountain red, Rosaceae, deciduous small trees. The red fruit in the mountain is sour, sweet and delicious, can give birth to gold and quench thirst, is a high-quality fruit tree variety. Fruit can also be used as medicine, sweet and sour, lukewarm, appetizer digestion, stagnation and accumulation, blood circulation and blood stasis, convergence to stop dysentery. It can dilate coronary artery, relax blood vessels, increase blood flow, improve heart vitality, excite central nervous system, reduce blood lipid, blood pressure, cardiotonic, anti-arrhythmia and so on. Shanlihong is also a green tree species such as courtyards, parks and streets in the north, and it is an economic tree species with great development potential. Produced in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and other places. Born on hillsides or in bushes. Most of them are distributed in the area of 100m to 1500m above sea level. It is also distributed in North Korea and Siberia of the Soviet Union.

1 cultivation

1.1 site selection

The land with good light condition, fertile soil and irrigation condition is suitable, and the flat and fertile land is the best.

1.2 soil preparation

Before planting, square planting pits with 50cm in length, width and depth were dug, and strip trenches with deep and wide 60cm were dug for those with poor soil conditions.

1.3 planting time and row spacing

In Heilongjiang Province, the planting period is the best in late April. The row spacing is 3m × 4m and 60 plants per 667m2, which is the suitable planting density.

1.4 planting

According to the row spacing of 3m × 4m, the rotten farm manure 5kg should be applied as the base fertilizer before planting. Before planting, the seedlings should be soaked for 20 hours, and then dipped in 0.5mg/L 's ABT 3 rooting powder solution, and then planted immediately. After planting to compaction, immediately pour water, and then according to the weather conditions and soil business conditions, water regulation, dry weather, timely watering, timely drainage in the rainy season.

1.5 Field management

1.5.1 plastic surgery. In the second year of cultivation, it should be dried in time according to the height of the seedlings, generally at the height of 70cm from the ground, and 6-8 lateral buds should be retained, and the buds below 30cm should be erased. When the plant enters the dormant period, it is cut in winter and pruned according to the shaping mode of the three main branches at the base. the new shoots growing in the first year are pruned at 45~55cm, and then the reserved length of pruning is increased year by year. The distance between the first main branch and the second main branch should be maintained, 2-3 lateral branches are left on the first main branch, and the extended branches on the central trunk are pruned around 65cm. In the future, it is the best to keep the cutting length in 50cm year by year. The branches on the trunk are not pruned and released slowly, and the branches of 30~50cm can also be truncated.

A combination of winter and summer shears when pruning. During winter pruning, the elongated branches of the central trunk and the extended branches of the three main branches at the base of the tree were medium-long and short-pruned, and the rest of the branches were trimmed short. The cross branches, overlapping branches, competitive branches, overgrown branches and parallel branches on the trunk were removed to improve the light conditions of the tree. The fruiting branches growing on the central stem should be pruned slowly in order to weaken their growth potential and promote flower bud differentiation. It is easy to sprout new buds on the trunk branches in summer, leaving 1 or 2 flat and oblique buds and wiping the rest. For overgrowing new shoots, coring should be carried out in the early and middle of August to promote Lignification and prevent them from overwintering frost damage.

1.5.2 Fertilizer and water management. After autumn harvest, before the dormant period, the mature farm manure should be applied once, and one plant should be fertilized with 5~10kg. If one plant is adding diammonium phosphate 0.3kg, it is better to dig a ring ditch around the tree to apply fertilizer. According to the growth status of the tree potential in autumn, the hole at the base of the tree should be expanded around to loosen the soil, and the hole expansion should be carried out once a year. According to the weather and seedling conditions, real-time moisture regulation, in case of dry weather, timely watering, rainy season, timely drainage. The trees should be watered once and thoroughly before sprouting in spring.

(2) Disease and pest control

2.1 Diseases

2.1.1 Hawthorn flower rot. It is mainly harmful to leaves, new shoots and young fruits, when the disease occurs, the leaves have brown spots or short-line stripes, then gradually expand and become reddish brown, and the diseased leaves wither, resulting in the decay of the damaged parts. Control methods: (1) when the plant enters the dormant period in autumn, it is necessary to remove diseased branches and diseased plants and burn them centrally so as to reduce the source of infection. (2) Deep ploughing should be carried out in early spring. Bury the ground germs deep in the ground. (3) before the tree sprouts in spring, sprinkle lime powder on the ground under the crown to prevent bacterial infection. (4) as soon as the disease occurs, it is necessary to spray 1000 times of the wettable powder or 70% methyl topiramate wettable powder. Serious cases can be sprayed twice.

2.1.2 Hawthorn powdery mildew. It mainly harms the leaves, shoots and fruits of the plant. The diseased part of the leaf had powdery conidiophores and conidia, the new shoots were damaged and the growth was thin. The internodes were shortened, the leaves were slender, curled and twisted, and died in severe cases. Control methods: (1) diseased branches, diseased leaves and diseased fruits should be removed and burned in the dormant period. (2) if you find out that you have contracted the disease, you should spray 5-degree stone-sulfur mixture or 1300 times the solution of 25% powder and sulfuric acid.

2.2 insect pests

2.2.1 Peach heart borer. The prevention of peach heart borer should be given priority to. Before the tree sprouting during the Spring Festival, 150 times parathion EC should be sprayed in time to kill the overwintering heart borer larvae. In the early July and early August, 1500 times parathion EC should be sprayed in time for prevention.

2.2.2 Red Spider. Red spider is a common pest, once it occurs, it is difficult to control. Therefore, we should give priority to prevention. Control methods (1) scrape off the old skin and warped skin from the tree in time before the tree germinates in early spring, and burn it centrally to eliminate the overwintering adults. (2) when pests are found, it is necessary to spray 1000 times of triclosan EC or 1500 times of carbamate EC in time, and the number of times should be determined according to the occurrence quantity and control effect.