Adaptability of Juglans regia in Zigui County

Analysis on adaptability of Walnut in Zigui County

Since 2004, Zigui County has firmly seized the opportunities of returning farmland to forests, modern agriculture and the follow-up projects of the three Gorges, and built a total of 14900 hm2 walnut base, which has become the second largest forest and fruit industry in Zigui County and the first walnut county in Yichang City. At present, due to various reasons, walnut has many diseases and insect pests and can not hold fruit, resulting in poor efficiency of walnut. Many cadres and people doubt the adaptability of walnut in Zigui County, which leads to the phenomenon of walnut being allowed to grow or cut down trees to grow grain. In the long run, it will seriously affect the development of walnut industry in Zigui. This paper makes a scientific analysis on the adaptability of walnut cultivated in Zigui in order to enhance the confidence of the broad masses of cadres and masses.

1 the adaptability of walnut in Zigui was analyzed from the conditions of climate and soil.

1.1 Comparative analysis of climatic conditions

1.1.1 Comparative analysis of temperature conditions

Comparing the adaptability of walnut to temperature with the annual air temperature in Zigui County (see Table 1), it is concluded that the average annual temperature in Zigui County is higher and the frost-free period is longer, and the meteorological observation point is at the low altitude of 295.5m, while the walnut cultivation point is at the high altitude of 600m to 1200 m, the temperature will be lower, thus it is concluded that it can basically meet the needs of walnut growth and development.

Table 1 comparison of temperature conditions and walnut adaptation range in Zigui County

1.1.2 Comparative Analysis of Illumination conditions

After the walnut enters the fruiting stage, sufficient light conditions are needed, and the annual sunshine hours are required to be more than 2000 hours in order to ensure the normal growth and development of walnut. For example, the nucleolus and nucleolus are underdeveloped. The annual sunshine hours in Zigui County is 1 567.3 hours (data from 1998 to 2015), and the light conditions are slightly inadequate. as long as the comprehensive measures such as garden selection, planting density, shaping and pruning are taken to make up for it, there is no problem to meet the requirements of walnut growth and lighting.

1.1.3 Comparative analysis of water conditions

The general annual rainfall 600~800mm meets the needs of walnut, and the annual rainfall in the iron walnut cultivation area is 800.2 000mm. The annual precipitation in Zigui County is 1 264.0mm (data from 1998 to 2015). From the analysis of annual rainfall, Zigui is more suitable for the cultivation of iron walnut, and the cultivated walnut is easy to cause serious disease because of large rainfall. The practice of cultivation in Zigui for many years has proved that the introduced northern walnut varieties such as Liaoning No. 1, Xiangling and Luguang are seriously susceptible, which is one of the important reasons for the low benefit. However, the introduced Yunxin series interspecific hybrid varieties and the bud mutation variety "Zilin 1" were less susceptible. Therefore, disease resistance must be considered as an important index in large-scale cultivation of walnut in Zigui. Liu Xianglin proposed that varieties with iron walnut or iron walnut gene should be selected for cultivation.

1.2 Comparative analysis of soil conditions

Walnut requires micro-acid soil, neutral soil and calcareous weak alkaline soil with pH6.2~8.2 (optimum pH 6.5 ~ 7.5), and grows poorly in soils with too high groundwater level (below 2m) and heavy clayey soil. Zigui is a mountain county with less flat land and good drainage, and there is basically no problem of high groundwater level. From 2006 to 2015, the Agricultural Bureau of Zigui County collected 15928 sampling sites in 12 townships and 186 villages in the county. The sites for soil pH6.0~8.5 detection accounted for more than 50% of the county, and they were rich in organic matter, high in large and medium elements, and reasonable fertilization, which could meet the growth needs of walnut in each period. But there are also a few places where the soil fertility is insufficient, the soil layer is thin, and the soil is sticky, so walnuts can not be planted in these places.

(2) the adaptability of walnut in Zigui was proved from the cultivation history.

Zigui County has a long history of walnut cultivation. There are more than 1000 big trees in Zigui County for more than 30 years, among which an ancient walnut tree in Jiulingtou Village, Quyuan Town has been more than 150 years old, with a chest circumference of 3.44m and a height of 20m. It can dry walnut 100kg every year. From 2011 to 2012, 7 superior plants were selected for asexual progeny test and regional test.

Referring to the Statistical Yearbook of Hubei Province from 1958 to 1995, there are 11 counties (cities) with a historical output of more than 100 tons in Hubei Province (see Table 2) and 147.05 tons in Zigui County in 1978.

Table 2 the annual output of walnuts in Hubei Province is more than 100 tons.

From the existing walnut resources and the historical walnut yield of Zigui, it can be fully proved that Zigui adapts to the development of walnut industry.

(3) the adaptability of walnut in Zigui was proved by successful cultivation.

3.1 Walnut varieties suitable for Zigui county were introduced and bred in Zigui county, Liaohe, Zhonglin, Xiangling, Luguang, Qingxiang, Yunxin and other varieties were introduced successively in Zigui county. Yunxin series of Yunnan bubble walnut × Xinjiang precocious walnut hybrid in Yunnan Academy of Forestry Sciences was the most suitable, among which Yunxin plateau and Yunxin Yunlin were the best. Zilin 1, a walnut bud mutation variety selected from Yunxin Plateau, has been examined and approved by Hubei Forest Variety approval Committee, and has become the best early fruiting walnut variety in Hubei Province.

3.2 the cultivation practice of farmers proved the adaptability of walnut in Zigui.

Through years of practice and exploration, although the large-scale benefit of walnut cultivation in Zigui is not good, some farmers have basically mastered the techniques of cultivation and management, and a number of advanced models have emerged to shake off poverty and become rich by developing walnut, which has set an example for the development of walnut industry in the whole county. For example: Mei Dasan of Shuitianwu Village, Meijiahe Township, Wang Shifeng of Jingzhangping Village, Wan Min, Tan Yuanjing, Zheng Jialiang of Tanjiahe Village, Lianghekou Town, Zhou Yao of Quyuan Miao Village, Zhenxi Town, Zhou Zongcheng of Dayuanchi Village, Zhenxi Town, etc. The perennial yield of dried walnut per mu is above 150kg; in particular, Mei Yungang in Shazhenxi Town has produced more than 300kg per mu for six consecutive years, with an income of 10,000 yuan per mu.

4 summary

The main results are as follows: (1) through the comparison of the climatic and soil conditions and the required conditions of walnut in Zigui County, the cultivation history of walnut in Zigui County and the typical examples of successful cultivation of walnut by some farmers in Zigui County, it is fully proved that Zigui County is suitable for the development of walnut scale cultivation.

(2) compared with the big walnut provinces such as Hebei, Shanxi, Henan, Xinjiang and Yunnan, the climatic conditions of Zigui County are mainly manifested in the differences of large rainfall, long frost-free period and less light. The corresponding technical countermeasures should be taken according to these differences during cultivation.