Application value and cultivation of Juglans mandshurica

Application value and cultivation of Juglans mandshurica

1 nutritional components of fruit

The fruit of Juglans sibirica contains 25.9%-29.8% dry matter, 15%-18% sugar, 2.5%-4.3% acid, 27%-35% sorbitol, 43~67mg/g carotenoids, 123~326mg/g vitamin C, 520~850mg/g active Pgrad 6.3% pectin, about 2% triterpenes (completely dry matter) and 1.15mg/g chlorophyll quinone (wet matter). In fresh fruit and berry plants, the content of carotenoid, vitamin C and active substance P in the fruit of Juglans mandshurica ranks first [2].

2 application value

2.1 Economic value

2.1.1 edible value. As a raw material, the fruit of Liriodendron sibirica can be preserved for a long time and its quality remains the same. it can be preserved for 1 year in dry air and 3 months in frozen state. However, because the fresh fruit has a bitter, sour, astringent mixed taste, it is less to eat directly, and only after the first time Frosts Descent, the taste becomes soft. The fruit of Liriodendron mandshurica can be used for the processing of sugar-boiled fruit, fruit juice, jam, puree, preserved fruit, sun-dried and air-dried fruit, Juglans mandshurica brandy and other traditional food. Liriodendron fruit can also be used as a substitute for tea, such as Juglans mandshurica pie, dumpling, soup, gavas, and various condiments. Carotenoid stains in fruits can be used in the food industry; pectin substances can be used as pharmaceutical emulsifiers and suspension stabilizers, and can be used to produce fillings of fruit fudge and various candies; sorbitol (no sucrose) of pure vitamin syrup extracted from fruits can be used as a substitute for sugar, can be used as a dietary material for patients with diabetes, and can be used in children's diet. Based on the fact that the fruit of Juglans mandshurica is rich in nutrients, the development prospect is very broad.

2.1.2 Medicinal value. The carotenoid oil concentrate in the fruit, like pure oil, can promote the formation of corneal epithelium and the regeneration of damaged skin in the treatment of any pathogenic eye burn injury, which exceeds that of seabuckthorn oil. Chlorophyll quinone (vitamin K1) can prevent anemia and leukemia, and triterpenes are drugs for the treatment of vascular sclerosis. Catalpa mandshurica fruit has the properties of diuresis and nourishment at the same time. With the improvement of our people's living standards, there are higher requirements for the quality of life and health. Therefore, the demand for the fruit of this tree species and its processed products is huge.

2.1.3 Garden value. The Siberian catalpa is 612 m high, the crown is oval, the bark is gray and shiny, and the branchlets are reddish brown with soft hairs. Leaves odd-pinnate, leaves dark green. Inflorescences compound corymbose, white, densely flowered. Fruit round, red or orange, persistent in winter. This tree species is a valuable ornamental tree species in garden. it has a straight trunk, a burly tree shape, white flowers in full bloom and branches in spring, emerald green leaves in summer, swaying with the wind, red fruits in autumn, fiery leaves in autumn, and persistent fruits in winter. reflect each other with auspicious snow, bright red and bright, with high ornamental value.

2.1.4 the value of materials used. Juglans sibirica has a red linear porous xylem. The wood is of excellent texture, wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant and crack-free. It can be used to make all kinds of decorations and furniture, and can be widely used in shipbuilding. Bark can also be used as leather material. At present, excellent timber forest strains have been cultivated in Russia and Japan.

2.2 Ecological value

Under natural conditions, Juglans sibirica can provide shelter and food for wild animals and birds, and its fruit is a kind of high-quality bird food. The root system of Juglans sibirica is very developed, and it is a pioneer tree species for soil and water conservation. 76%-82% of the roots are distributed in the surface soil of 40~50cm, and some roots can be extended to the depth of 2m, which can be widely used in greening barren hills, soil and water conservation, ecological restoration and reconstruction, that is, it not only increases the diversity and ecological stability of the stand, but also improves the soil, improves the protective function of the ecological forest, and protects the green water and green mountains. It has broad market prospects.

3 cultivation techniques

3.1 site selection

Flat land or gentle slope land with sufficient light, good soil permeability and good drainage should be selected.

3.2 soil preparation

Planting plots should be prepared in the autumn of the year before planting. Apply barnyard manure 10000~20000kg/hm2, ploughing and leveling the soil, ridging or building beds from north to south.

3.3 planting

3.3.1 Seedling selection. Bed-changing seedlings of more than 2 years old should be used for planting. The seedling ground diameter ≥ 0.5cm, root length ≥ 10cm, lateral root number ≥ 5, height 30~50cm.

3.3.2 planting time. Both spring and autumn are fine. It is suitable for mid-late April in spring and from late September to mid-October in autumn.

3.3.3 planting method. Hole planting, 1 hole and 1 seedling. The diameter of the planting hole is 40cm and the depth is 30cm. The row spacing is 1m × 2m or 2m × 2m. Keep the roots moist before planting. Planting in the center of the hole surface, the root system stretches. Pour water after planting.

3.4 Post-planting management

3.4.1 Fertilizer and water management. According to soil fertility, topdressing can be carried out during the growing period. Irrigation is carried out according to soil moisture and should be drained in time on rainy days.

3.4.2 ploughing and weeding. It is carried out 3 to 5 times every spring and summer according to the actual situation.

3.4.3 plastic pruning. The young trees were pruned according to different cultivation purposes. It can be divided into two types: single trunk and multi-trunk. Single stem type, pruning the young buds and young branches from the trunk; multi-trunk type, combined with wiping buds when young trees, determine 3-4 trunk. There are two kinds of pruning: winter pruning and summer pruning, cutting off too dense, too weak branches and diseased branches, wiping buds, removing sprouting tillers, pruning crown types, and removing thin and weak branches, diseased branches, withered branches and cross branches in all parts of the crown of adult trees.

3.4.4 Disease and pest control

The disease is mainly caused by seedling canker. The main trunk of more than 3-year-old seedlings can be brushed with whitening agent in spring and autumn; when the disease occurs, 50% N-(2-benzimidazolyl)-carbamate or 70% 1 ~ 1 ~ 2-bis (3-methoxycarbon-2-thiourea) benzene can be smeared; in autumn, litter and diseased plant residues are removed and burned.

The main insect pests are red spiders, aphids and yellow diamondback moths, which can be controlled by spraying 1.2% bitter tobacco EC or omethoate.

3.5 Seedling transportation

The big seedlings were raised by the method of raising seedlings with soil, and the diameter of the soil was (8-10) times of the ≥ rhizome. Prevent the soil from splitting and the branches from being damaged during transportation.

3.6 Fruit harvest and storage

Harvested around the middle of September every year. When picking, it should be placed lightly in a small basket to prevent extrusion, along with picking, transportation and storage, to avoid sun and rain. Fruits should be refrigerated as soon as possible after harvest.