Cultivation techniques of garlic seedlings covered with plastic film

Cultivation techniques of garlic seedlings covered with plastic film

Green garlic seedlings are favored by the common people because of their fresh, tender and delicious, seasoning and high nutritional value. However, the production of green garlic seedlings is often ignored, which often causes the price of green garlic seedlings to rise in autumn and winter, and sometimes the supply exceeds the demand. In autumn and winter, the external temperature is generally low, the production time of garlic seedlings is long, and the cost is high, but if we pay attention to the selection of varieties and pay attention to some advanced production technology, we can shorten the production cycle, the price before and after the Spring Festival is very considerable, and obtain higher economic benefits. The cultivation techniques of green garlic seedlings covered with plastic film in Xinchang County are introduced as follows:

1 Parcel selection

The continuous cropping of garlic is not suitable for continuous cropping with lily vegetables. We should choose the land with flat terrain, good water retention, convenient irrigation and drainage, loose and fertile soil, and the land with food crops or non-onion and garlic vegetables as the previous stubble.

2Variety selection

In order to achieve early maturity and high yield of garlic seedlings, early maturing varieties with strong disease resistance and stress resistance, short growth period, wide and soft leaves, high quality and high yield should be selected, such as Ershuizao, Shanghai Chongming garlic, high quality white garlic Zhongnong 1, Zhongnong 3 and so on.

(3) soil preparation and fertilization

Garlic seedlings should be fully fertilized because of their short growth period and rapid growth. Seven days before sowing, 667m2 applied rotten farm manure 1500kg, or commercial organic fertilizer 1000kg, urea 20kg, phosphate fertilizer 30kg, potash fertilizer 15kg or high quality three-element compound fertilizer 50kg to turn over the soil. Then rake fine and flat for high border cultivation, which is simple and easy to manage, with wide 100~120cm and high 20cm.

4 sowing

4.1 seed treatment selected garlic with variety characteristics, fat and round, neat cloves, disease-free and non-damaged garlic as garlic seed, and the seed amount of 667m2 was 200~230kg. Before sowing, soak the garlic cloves in clean water for 12 hours, soak the seeds with 50% carbendazim wettable powder 200x solution 30min, then soak the seeds with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate for 4 hours, remove and filter dry. When sowing, the garlic cloves are dipped in an 800-fold solution of 50% phoxim EC before sowing. After the above treatment, it can break the dormancy of garlic seed, significantly improve the germination rate and stress resistance of garlic clove, effectively kill the bacteria on garlic seed, promote the seedling to be strong, and thus improve the disease resistance and stress resistance of garlic seedling.

4.2 timely sowing and autumn sowing. According to the climatic characteristics and cultivation habits of Xinchang area, in order to be on the market earlier, the seeds can be sowed one after another from mid-late September to early October. Watering the soil 2 days before sowing to keep the soil moist, covering 1.4m wide silver-black double-color plastic film before sowing, punching holes according to plant spacing 3~5cm and row spacing 8~10cm, inserting garlic cloves into the soil, sowing one garlic clove per hole, and the suitable depth was that the terminal bud was just exposed to the ground.

5. Field management

Adhere to the principle of giving priority to base fertilizer, supplemented by topdressing, giving priority to organic fertilizer and supplemented by chemical fertilizer, so as to maintain the green and tender, spicy and delicious flavor of green garlic seedlings.

5.1 timely watering according to soil moisture and plant growth. Keep the soil moist during the germination period to promote the germination of garlic seeds, and water the seedlings once according to the situation after emergence. When the seedlings grow to 7~10cm, they will be watered once more, and then watered once or twice according to the soil moisture.

5.2 after topdressing garlic seedlings, the available fertilizer is suitable, and nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer, which can be combined with watering, and 667m2 topdressing ammonium sulfate 7~10kg or urea 5~7kg. The second topdressing was carried out at seedling height 7~10cm, and ammonium sulfate 10kg or urea 7~10kg was applied combined with watering 667m2. The third topdressing was carried out at seedling height 14~16cm, and urea 7~10kg or ammonium sulfate 10kg was applied combined with watering 667m2. In the later stage of garlic seedling growth, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution or foliar fertilizer was sprayed every 10 days to prevent premature senescence of the plant. Fertilization was stopped about 15 days before harvest.

5.3 timely build a shed to ensure the normal growth of garlic seedlings and ensure that the products are on the market.

(6) Disease and pest control

In accordance with the principle of giving priority to prevention and comprehensive prevention, priority should be given to agricultural control, physical control, rational use of chemical control, prohibition of the use of highly toxic and high residue pesticides prohibited by the state, and ensuring the standard of pollution-free.

6.1 Agricultural control improves resistance by selecting disease-resistant varieties or virus-free garlic seeds, drying for 2 days before sowing, rotation with food crops or non-onion and garlic crops, deep sun exposure, suitable sowing and reasonable close planting. Increase the application of rotten organic fertilizer, strengthen cultivation management, clean up weeds and diseases around the field, and reduce the number of diseases and insect pests.

6.2 physical control by setting 1 marigold frequency vibrating insecticidal lamp per 2~3hm2, hanging 30 yellow boards on 667m2, setting 1 set of sex attractants in 667m2 or using sugar and vinegar solution to trap and kill flies.

6.3 Chemical pest control mainly includes root maggots, Liriomyza huidobrensis, onion thrips, aphids and so on. At the garlic 3-leaf and 4-leaf stage, 667m2 was treated with 1.8% Pest EC, 1.8% Alfudine EC, 10~15mL or 1% bifenothiamine granules; during the peak period of root maggot damage, 80000IU/mL Bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder 5~6kg, 1.5% natural pyrethrin water emulsion 1200 times, 1.8% avermectin EC 1000 times, 80% trichlorfon soluble powder 1000 times or 50% phoxim EC were used for root control.

6.5 Chemical control diseases include leaf blight, purple spot, rust, virus and so on. At the initial stage of the onset of leaf blight, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 1200 times, 2.5% chlorphenil suspension 1200 times or 41.5% prochloraz EC 1500 times can be used to control leaf blight, once every 7 to 10 days, for 2 times in a row. At the initial stage of the onset of purple spot, 1000 times of mancozeb + 2000 times of triazole tin, 2000 times of triadimefon EC, 1000 times of 14% ammonia copper solution or 1000 times of difenoconazole water dispersible granules can be sprayed and treated alternately, and 2000 times of difenoconazole propiconazole EC, 2200 times of 12.5% uniconazole wettable powder or 3000 times of 25% dimethoconazole EC can be used in the early stage of rust. At the initial stage of the onset of the virus disease, 1.5% Zhixianling 1000 times solution, 20% virus A500 times solution or 31% morpholine guanidine triazole ribonucleoside soluble powder solution + Huishenglu 500 times solution were sprayed, once every 5 days and 3 times in a row.

7 timely harvest

Under the condition of suitable temperature and sufficient fertilizer and water conditions, fresh and tender green garlic seedlings can be harvested and put on the market about 70 days after sowing. When garlic seedlings grow to more than high 30~50cm, they can be collected in batches according to the market situation, or they can be harvested and sold at one time in the whole field, and the yield of 667m2 is as high as 2000~2500kg. In order to prolong the supply period and increase production and income, separate plants should be harvested in batches, fibrous roots and old leaves should be removed during harvest, and soil debris should be washed and listed on the market.