Cultivation and Management of Shayao Flower Bean as the first choice for potted plants

Cultivation and Management of Shayao Flower Bean as the first choice for potted plants

Cultivation and Management of Shayao Flower Bean

① seed (8 May)

② seedlings (12 May)

③ Young plants (Aug.1st)

④ adult plant (Sept. 14)

Swainsona formosa, also known as Flower Bean and Desert Pea, is a perennial herb of the genus Leguminosae, named by British botanist Isaac Swainson. Native to the arid regions of central and northwest Australia, with an average annual rainfall of 125 to 250 mm, the soil is sandy soil rich in calcium carbonate. The first specimen was first collected and made by William William Dampier, a famous British explorer, at "Dampier" s Archipelago in northwestern Australia on August 22nd, 1699. The specimen is now in the Fielding Drew Botanical Museum, University of Oxford, England. On November 23, 1961, Shayao Huadou was officially designated as the emblem of South Australia (relevant flower stamps were issued in 1968, 1971 and 2005). Shayao Huadou is a hot topic in both art and photography, as well as poetry, prose and legends. Australian aborigines stir-fry seeds to make cakes and other foods, while flowers are used as decorations. Although Shayao is not an endangered species, it is illegal to collect it privately in the wild.

Shayao Flower Bean is a summer plant (evergreen). Although it is perennial in the producing area, it is easy to be infected with fungi in the process of cultivation, so it is cultivated more than one year in horticulture. Like dry, warm, sunny environment, adults can tolerate short-term drought, strong light, slight frost, as well as loose, well-drained sandy soil, the suitable temperature for growth is 18-26 ℃, suitable for cultivation in USDA 911 (wet and rainy seasons and not suitable for planting in coastal areas).

Large deep pot (straight root system is not suitable for shallow pot) is preferred for pot planting, and humus (humus soil, peat, black soil, etc.), sand (neutral or alkaline materials such as vermiculite, perlite, red jade soil, limestone and other neutral or alkaline materials) and base fertilizer (plant and animal fertilizer) are mixed with 3 ∶ 1 ∶ 1. During the growing period, the potted soil should remain moist, do not accumulate water, add a quick-acting liquid fertilizer on 7-10 days, shade 50% to 60% in summer (the rest can be full-time sunshine), and timely pinching or medicament to control the plant type, too exuberant will lead to excessive energy consumption, and the number of flowers will decrease sharply (especially potted plants, Shayao adzuki bean is a kind of fertilizer that is too brilliant).

Soaking basin water supply has more advantages than top watering, water droplets can not be contaminated with leaves and flowers for a long time, should be dried in time with paper towels, especially in wet summer, plants are extremely easy to infect fungi due to retained water and fall leaves, root rot, rot, maintain a ventilated, dry, sunny environment, the use of protective fungicides combined with therapeutic fungicides can greatly reduce the infection rate.

The flowering period in Australia is opposite to that in China from July to March, with summer from December to February, autumn from March to May, winter from June to August and spring from September to November. The morning and evening of the local rain period affects the florescence. Shayao adzuki bean is pollinated by birds, and its self-flowering ability is low, so it needs external intervention to create a warm environment to avoid the dilemma that the fruit is not ripe and the plant has withered. Put on the seed bag in time after setting seeds to prevent mature seeds from bursting and spilling, and the seeds can be stored in a dry place for several years after harvest. Indoor sowing takes place after the final frost (Last Frost: the last frost in late winter and early spring), and outdoor sowing takes place after the final frost and when the temperature warms up (in most areas, early or mid-May). The seeds of most legumes have an impervious hard seed coat and a long period of physical dormancy. In order to adapt to the harsh local environment, the seeds will not germinate until the next year's rain, or even a few years later. There are three ways to break dormancy:

1. Use a knife to carve a small opening away from the hilum of the seed, and the tip of the seed is the radicle, so to remove the seed coat at the blunt end, the treated seed can bubble in only half a day.

two。 Gently polish the seed skin with sandpaper and file, soak it all night, and continue to take it out and grind if there is no foam.

3. Simulate the extreme heat of the natural environment to soften the seed coat, blanch the seeds in freshly boiled water for no more than 30 seconds and soak overnight.

Plant one grain in a pot, cover soil 3 cm after sowing, do not cover glass or film, the container is placed in a warm and bright place, it can sprout in 3 ~ 5 days. The seedlings have a very deep taproot, and the straight roots can not tolerate any interference. The later the transplantation, the higher the mortality. Even if the transplant is successful, the recovery period is quite long, so direct seeding is far better than transplanting, and the ground planting chooses the area with ventilation, sunny direction and high topography. The distance between each plant is 90cm and 120cm. In order to prolong the life span and improve the plant activity, it can be grafted on Colutea arborescens or Clianthus puniceus of the same family at the cotyledon stage. the survival rate of grafting is very high, and it is no longer troubled by fungi, and the life span can be extended to 3 years or more. Cutting is also a good choice, select more than 3 new branches, the fracture is coated with rooting powder, inserted into a well-drained medium, placed in a warm, astigmatic place to manage.

⑤ budding (Oct. 6)

Early flowering stage of ⑥ (Oct. 9)

⑦ in full bloom (Oct. 11)

Full flowering stage of ⑧ (Oct. 20)

◆ protective fungicide

This kind of fungicide can form a dense protective film of air, water and light on the surface of crops, which can inhibit the germination and invasion of spores so as to achieve the effect of sterilization and prevention of disease. however, spraying can achieve the effect only before the crops come into contact with the disease or disease, although the therapeutic effect is poor, but the germicidal spectrum is wide and the treatment is strong. It is not easy to cause drug resistance (for example, chlorothalonil, Bordeaux solution, metalaxyl manganxin, amiceda, streptomycin, etc.).

◆ therapeutic fungicide

It is also known as internal absorption fungicide, but it has a short application history, and it is a kind of fungicide developed in the 1960s. After germs invade crops or after crop disease, this kind of fungicides can infiltrate into crops or be absorbed by crops and transmitted in the body, directly kill or inhibit bacteria. Although it is highly exclusive and effective in treatment, it is easy to cause drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria (such as carbendazim, thiophanate, Chunramycin, etc.).