Planting techniques of Maogu mandarin in Wuzhou City, Guangxi

Planting techniques of Maogu mandarin in Wuzhou City, Guangxi

Maogu mandarin, a hybrid of wide-skinned orange and sweet orange, was bred in 1913 by W. T. Swingle of Miami Agricultural Research Institute in Florida, USA. In the 1970s, Professor Lin Pu of the Horticulture Department of National Taiwan University introduced this variety to northern Taiwan for trial. Because Maogu mandarin has high sugar content, good and rich flavor, thin and succulent skin, and ripens later than banana oranges, the price in Taiwan market is much higher than that of banana oranges, and the cultivated area is increasing year by year. In recent years, there have been introduction and trial planting in southern Fujian.

Maogu citrus fruit is flat and round, the fruit shape is neat, the pericarp is smooth and orange, the fruit shape index is about 1. 2, the weight of single fruit is 150-200 grams, the soluble solids is 15. 0%, the acidity is 0. 6%-1. 0%, and the flavor is excellent.

With the continuous discovery of the value of Maogu mandarin, its demand will increase year by year, and the cultivation area of Maogu mandarin is also expanding. However, due to the imperfect cultivation techniques of Maogu mandarin, the growth of Maogu mandarin is slow, the yield is low, and the fruit is generally small.

1. Climatic environment selection of Maogu mandarin: the average annual temperature is 17 ℃ ~ 23 ℃, the extremely low temperature is-5.5 ℃, the average temperature in January is ≥ 4 ℃, the annual active accumulated temperature of ≥ 10 ℃ is more than 5000 ℃, the annual sunshine hours are more than 1686 hours, the frost-free period is more than 312 days, and the air relative humidity is 60% 70%.

2. Soil selection: select the soil with organic matter content above 1.5%, ph value between 5.5 and 6.5, active soil layer above 60cm and groundwater level below 1.0 m as soil for cultivation of Maogu mandarin.

3. Terrain selection: low mountains and hills with a slope of less than 20 °are selected as the terrain for the cultivation of Maogu mandarin.

4. Grafting seedling: using sour orange, red orange and Ziyang orange as rootstock and Maogu citrus as scion, split a gap consistent with the "wedge" port of scion on the rootstock, then insert the scion into the split, align the cambium, disinfect the import, and tie it with plastic film strips until new buds grow on the scion, remove the plastic film and get Maogu citrus seedlings.

5. Soil preparation: select the cultivated land according to the requirements of step An and step B, and dig the pit according to the plant row spacing of 2m × 3m and 111plants per 667m2, and fill each pit with the mixture of soil fertilizer, lime and topsoil, and then fill in the mixture of organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate and soil. The filling amount of the mixture obtained from the mixture of soil and miscellaneous fertilizer, lime and topsoil is 4 × 5 of the pit volume, and the filling amount of the mixture obtained by the mixture of organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and soil is 1 × 5 of the pit volume.

6. Transplanting: in February every year, dig a hole in the pit treated by step D, and put the roots, branches and leaves of the Maogu citrus seedlings obtained in step C into the hole after appropriate pruning to stretch the root system, straighten it, gently lift the seedling upward while filling the soil, so that the root system is in close contact with the soil, and the root neck is exposed to the ground 5cm. After filling the soil, make a 1.0 m diameter tree plate around the seedlings, cover it with weeds or straw, and sprinkle it with water once a day for 7 consecutive days.

7. Crown culture: leave three strong buds in different directions and different parts of the trunk off the ground 30cm as the main branch, the main branch 15cm

Cultivate two secondary main branches for a long time, erase all the others, put three batches of shoots a year, and gradually form a compact and robust crown.

8. Fertilizer and water management: after the Beginning of Spring, sprinkle 20kg~30kg retted organic fertilizer and 0.5 kg urea under each tree crown, gently loosen the soil and turn the fertilizer under the topsoil; in early May, each plant was sprayed with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaf and 0.1 kg potassium chloride on the ground; in the middle of July, 0.1 kg compound fertilizer was applied per plant; from late July to early December, bran water was drenched with 0.1% urea every half month, and each plant was drenched with 20kg. After the fruit of Maogu mandarin was harvested, a small ditch was dug along the crown drip line of Maogu citrus tree 1 to 4, and was filled into the ditch according to the amount of 20kg fresh grass, 20kg composting organic fertilizer and 0.5 kg superphosphate per plant; the bran water was obtained by sealed fermentation of peanut bran with water.

Among them, mung bean crops are planted in the middle of Maogu mandarin cultivation land in spring and summer, and Artemisia mandshurica can be planted in the middle of Maogu mandarin cultivation land in winter, and timely cut and buried in the soil or covered in tree plates.