Cultivation and Management of Phaseolus angustifolius

Cultivation and Management of Phaseolus angustifolius

Seeds (May 8)

2 seedlings (May 12)

③ Young plants (August 1)

④ Adult plants (September 14)

Swainsona formosa, also known as Swainsona formosa or Desert pea, is a perennial herb of the genus Swainsona, named by British botanist Isaac Swainson. Originated in arid areas of central and northwest Australia, with an average annual rainfall of 125~250 mm, the soil is sandy soil rich in calcium carbonate. The first specimen was collected and made by William Dampier on August 22, 1699, at Dampier's Archipelago in northwest Australia, and is now in the Fielding Druse Herbarium at Oxford University. On November 23, 1961, it was officially designated as the flower emblem of South Australia (related flower stamps were issued in 1968, 1971 and 2005), and it was a hot topic in art and photography, poetry, prose and legend. Australia aborigines fry seeds to make cakes and other foods, while flowers are used as decorations. Although the species is not endangered, it is illegal to collect it in the wild.

Shayao flower bean is a summer seed plant (evergreen). Although it is perennial plant in the producing area, it is easy to be infected with fungi and wither in the cultivation process, so it is mostly cultivated annually in horticulture. Likes dry, warm, sunny environment, adult plants can tolerate short-term drought, strong light, light frost, and loose, well-drained sandy soil, suitable for growth temperature of 18~26℃, suitable for cultivation in USDA 9~11 area (wet and rainy seasons and coastal areas are not suitable for planting).

Pot selection large deep pot (straight root system should not be shallow pot), substrate selection humus (moldy soil, peat, black soil, etc.), sand (vermiculite, pearlite, red jade soil, limestone and other neutral or alkaline materials), base fertilizer (plant, animal fertilizer can be) with 3:1:1 for mixing. During the growth period, the pot soil should be kept moist, and no ponding should be allowed. Quick-acting liquid fertilizer should be added once every 7~10 days. In summer, 50%~60% shade should be required (the rest can be full sunshine). The plant type should be pinched or controlled with chemicals in time. Too much exuberance will lead to excessive energy consumption and a sharp decrease in the number of flowers (especially potted plants, Shayao flower beans are the kind that are too brilliant for fertilizer).

Dipping basin water supply is more advantageous than top watering. Water droplets cannot be contaminated with leaves and flowers for a long time at any time. They should be dried in time with paper towels, especially in humid summer. Plants are easily infected by fungi due to retained moisture, and their leaves, roots rot and wither. Keep a ventilated, dry and sunny environment. The combination of protective fungicides and therapeutic fungicides can greatly reduce the infection rate.

The flowering period in Australia is opposite to that in China. December to February is summer, March to May is autumn, June to August is winter, September to November is spring. The local rain season affects the flowering period. The seeds are collected and stored in a dry place for several years. Indoor sowing is carried out after the final frost (Last Frost: the last frost in late winter and early spring), and outdoor sowing is carried out after the final frost and when the temperature warms up (in most areas, in early or mid-May). The seeds of most legumes have a hard seed coat that is impermeable to water and have a long physical dormancy. In order to adapt to the harsh local environment, the seeds will wait until the following year's rainfall, or even several years before germination. There are three ways to break dormancy:

1. Cut a small hole far away from the seed hilum with a knife. The tip of the seed is the radicle. Therefore, if the seed coat at the blunt head is removed, the treated seed can bubble in only half a day.

2. Use sandpaper and file to polish the seed skin gently, soak in water overnight, and continue to remove and polish the seeds without bubbles;

3. Simulate extreme heat in nature to soften seed coats. Blanch seeds in freshly boiled water for no more than 30 seconds and soak overnight.

Potted a pot of a seed, after sowing covered with soil 3 cm, do not cover glass or film, container placed in a warm, bright place, 3 to 5 days can sprout. Seedlings have a very deep taproot, and the taproot system cannot tolerate any interference. The later the transplant, the higher the mortality rate. Even if the transplant is successful, the recovery period is quite long. Therefore, direct seeding is far better than transplantation. Field planting selects ventilated, sunny and higher terrain areas, and the spacing between each plant is 90~120 cm. In order to prolong life and improve plant activity, it can be grafted to Colutea arborescens or Clianthus puniceus of the same family at the cotyledon stage. The grafting survival rate is extremely high, and it is no longer troubled by fungi, and the life can be extended to 3 years or even longer. Cutting is also a good choice, select more than 3 new branches, fracture coated with rooting powder, inserted in a good drainage medium, placed in warm, scattered management.

Bud (October 6)

Early flowering (October 9)

Blooming (October 11)

Full bloom (October 20)

◆ Protective fungicides

This kind of fungicide can form a layer of dense protective film with air permeability, water permeability and light transmission on the surface of crops. This protective film can inhibit the germination and invasion of spores of germs so as to achieve the effect of sterilization and disease prevention. However, it needs to be sprayed before the crops are exposed to diseases or diseases. Although the treatment effect is poor, the sterilization spectrum is wide, and the combination resistance is strong, and it is not easy for germs to produce drug resistance (such as chlorothalonil, bordeaux mixture, metalaxyl manganese, amisida, streptomycin, etc.).

◆ Therapeutic fungicides

Also known as systemic fungicides, but the application history is relatively short, is a class of agents developed in the 1960s, after the invasion of crops or crop disease after the application of such fungicides can penetrate into the crop body or be absorbed by the crop and conducted in the body, the bacteria directly kill or inhibit the bacteria, although the specific resistance is strong, the treatment effect is good, but easy to make pathogenic bacteria resistant (such as carbendazim, thiophane, kasugamycin, etc.).