Seedling transplanting and cultivation techniques of Moringa oleifera in North China

Seedling transplanting and cultivation techniques of Moringa oleifera in North China

Moringa oleifera, also known as "drumstick tree", has the laudatory names of "miracle tree", "mother's best friend" and "medicine treasure box" in foreign countries. it has been eaten or used hundreds of years ago, and it is rich and comprehensive in nutrition. it is the best source of plant protein, vitamin, folic acid, pantothenic acid, calcium, iron, selenium and other nutrients found at present, with unique economic value and health care effect. It is a new type of special cash crop.

Moringa is a family of Moringa, native to India and Africa. It is a perennial tropical and subtropical multifunctional plant. There are about 13 varieties in the world. At present, there are three more commonly eaten varieties: Indian improved Moringa, Indian traditional Moringa and African Moringa.

In 2015, the Cotton Research Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences introduced five new varieties of Moringa oleifera, including African imports, Indian tradition and Indian improvement, and began a series of cultivation experiments to explore the feasibility of Moringa oleifera cultivation in Hebei Province. Through the introduction and cultivation experiment for one year, the seedling transplanting and cultivation technical measures of Moringa oleifera in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province were summarized.

1 selection of species

Seeds should be carefully selected before sowing, and full, moth-free, mildew-free, neat and consistent seeds should be selected for sowing. In addition, the seeds are classified according to their weight and size, which are generally divided into three categories: large, medium, small, medium and small, raised and transplanted respectively, and then classified and planted according to the size of the seedlings, which is convenient for field management.

2 pre-broadcast preparation

Before sowing, the selected seeds were soaked in the prepared medicament for 24 hours, and the fungicides such as carbendazim and chlorothalonil could be selected.

3 nursery bed preparation

Raise seedlings in the greenhouse, rotary ploughing and leveling the land, so that it is loose and free of bumps. Spray 50% carbendazim solution on the surface to disinfect the soil.

4 sowing and seedling management

Raising seedlings in greenhouse is generally controlled in the middle and last ten days of April. The selection of total nutrient substrate for seedling cultivation has good permeability and is beneficial to raising temperature. Then use 50% carbendazim 500-fold solution to evenly spray the substrate for disinfection. Stir evenly with water, dry and wet properly, hold it in your hand and disperse when you land on the ground. The matrix was loaded into a 12 cm × 12 cm nutrition bag. Sow one seed in each bag, press the seed into it, and sow it at a depth of 1 ~ 1.5 cm. Then put the seeded nutrition bag row on the seedling bed, and the bags are close to each other. After the code is finished, the seedling bed is irrigated to make the matrix absorb water completely.

After sowing, spray water on the surface of the substrate every 3 ~ 5 days, but not too wet to prevent rotting roots. The optimum temperature for germination of Moringa oleifera seeds was 20 ℃ ~ 25 ℃, and the germination period was concentrated at 8 ~ 16 days after sowing, and lost vigor after 20 days. After emergence, the night temperature was kept at 15 ℃ ~ 20 ℃, and the soil remained moist.

5 transplanting and colonization

In the middle of May, when the seedling height is 10 ~ 15 cm, it can be transplanted to the field. Before transplanting, a sufficient amount of base fertilizer was applied, the base fertilizer was mainly manure and other organic fertilizer, and N, P, K (15-15-15) fertilizer was applied for 20 kg per mu. The plant spacing was 80 ~ 90 cm and the row spacing was 100 ~ 120 cm. When transplanting, take out the seedlings from the nutrition bag to protect the soil mass so as not to damage the root system. Watering root water in time after transplanting. Two weeks later, the slow seedling water was watered again, and after the surface was dry and cracked, the soil was ploughed and cultivated to prevent lodging. In the future, irrigation should be timely according to soil moisture, but there should be no stagnant water. Because the root system of Moringa oleifera is fleshy, excessive irrigation is easy to cause root and stem base rot.

6 tree management and harvesting

The suitable growth temperature of Moringa oleifera is 25 ℃ ~ 35 ℃. As long as the temperature is suitable, the top advantage is obvious, and it is not easy to grow side branches. in order to increase the harvest of fresh leaves, the tree can be dried and the top can be removed when the tree height reaches 50 ~ 100 cm. When the lateral branches grow to 20 ~ 30 cm, the top shoots and young leaves can be harvested. It can be harvested every 15 ~ 20 days. When the harvest is large, topdressing fertilizer in time after harvest. Ditch or hole application of organic fertilizer, appropriate supplement of chemical fertilizer, can also be properly sprayed with foliar fertilizer. With the rapid growth of the tree body and crown, pay attention to timely soil cultivation. When the temperature is high, it can be watered properly, and remember the stagnant water.

7 Prevention and control of major diseases and insect pests

Moringa oleifera has a strong resistance to diseases and insect pests. The main diseases found in Shijiazhuang area are deciduous disease and root rot disease. The main control method is to prevent stagnant water or watering too much in the seedling stage. In severe cases, methyl topiramate or trimethoprim can be used for prevention and treatment. The main pests are ground tiger and red spider. When transplanted to the early stage of the field, the ground tiger will bite off the tender stem and can be mixed with poison bait to prevent and control. Red spiders are sprayed with 20% chlorpromazine wettable powder 2000 ~ 3000 times, which is widely used in vegetables, fruit trees to control red spiders and mites.

8 Moringa oleifera overwintering

Moringa oleifera can be cultivated in the open field from May to September in Hebei Province, and the vigorous growth period is from June to August, but it can not survive the winter in the open field. Method 1: the roots should be dug out and moved into the greenhouse or preserved in the greenhouse in the first ten days of November. Keep the temperature at 10 ℃ ~ 20 ℃ and the soil moisture at about 35%. Don't be too wet to prevent rotting roots. Planting in a greenhouse can grow normally throughout the year. Method 2: dig the ditch in the sunny place of the field, the depth is about 1.2m, determine the width of the ditch according to the number of stored Moringa oleifera roots, cover it with 20 cm sand or loam to ensure air permeability, then cover the plant straw, cover the top with plastic film, and plant in the first ten days of May next year.