Three-dimensional planting technique between Fritillaria thunbergii and Ligusticum ligusticum

Three-dimensional planting technique between Fritillaria thunbergii and Ligusticum ligusticum

1 Biological characteristics of Fritillaria thunbergii and Ligusticum ligusticum.

Fritillaria thunbergii (Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don) is a plant of the family Liliaceae, which has the characteristics of tolerance to cold, humidity, fear of high temperature and strong light, so it can not survive in areas with low altitude, high temperature and strong direct light. Wild Fritillaria thunbergii often grows on sunny grass slope or scrub grass slope with lower temperature and humid soil in southwest China and Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. The growth period is 90-120 days.

Ligusticum ligusticum (Ligusticum sinense Oliv.) is a plant of Umbelliferae, which likes cool and humid climate. it is mostly distributed in hillsides, forest margins and areas with good drainage at an altitude of 1 500 to 3 500 m above sea level. it is resistant to cold, avoid high temperature, afraid of waterlogging, and is not strict with soil, but it is better to use loose, fertile and well-drained sandy loam. The growing period is from the end of March to early November.

2 intercropping advantage

First of all, Fritillaria chuanensis and Ligusticum ligusticum are perennial herbs, and both like the humid climate. The plant height of Fritillaria thunbergii is about 15 cm, and the plant is slender, which only grows from the beginning of April to July. The plant height of Fritillaria thunbergii is about 20 cm, the stem has many branches, the leaves are luxuriant, the growth period is from the end of March to November, and the growth period is long. In the intercropping, Ligusticum ligusticum can shade during the whole growth period, which can not only meet the characteristics of scattered light, but also save the shading cost of cultivating Fritillaria. Secondly, Fritillaria is a fibrous root plant, which is not deep in the soil, and the root system is mainly distributed in the shallow surface of the soil, which can only absorb water and nutrients in the upper soil; Fritillaria is a deep root plant with strong roots and deep in the soil. Can absorb water and nutrients from deeper soil. The intercropping of these two medicinal plants can make full use of soil fertility and make full use of soil nutrients, and it is also an important cultivation measure to make effective use of land and increase economic income.

3 planting techniques

3.1 Land selection and preparation

According to the biological characteristics of Fritillaria curly and Ligusticum ligusticum, the altitude is about 2000-2600m, leeward, half-shady and half-sunny slope, and the soil requires deep soil layer, loose texture, good drainage and rich in humus. After selecting the plot, ploughing for 30 cm before sowing, applying 2000 kg/667 m ~ 2 circle fertilizer or soil fertilizer to the cultivated land, raking and leveling it into a flat border with a width of 1.0m and a height of about 10 cm, with a spacing of 30 to 40 cm. Dig drains around.

3.2 sowing

3.2.1 sowing of Ligusticum ligusticum

Seed direct seeding or seedling transplanting could have been adopted. Seed direct seeding can be sowed in spring and winter, spring sowing in early and middle April, and winter sowing before freezing. When sowing, a ditch was opened about 20 cm from the edge of the border, and the ditch was 2 cm deep. The full and full seeds were evenly scattered in the ditch, covered with soil and watered. Seedlings can be planted in spring and autumn. When transplanting, the hole is about 15 cm away from the border, the depth of the hole is about 10 cm, the distance between plants is about 20: 25 cm, and 2 plants are planted in each hole. After planting, the soil is compacted and watered. Spring planting covered with soil to 2: 3 cm on rhizome, autumn planting was slightly deeper, spring planting generally emerged in 10-15 days, and sprouted in the second year of autumn planting.

3.2.2 sowing of Fritillaria

The intercropping of Fritillaria thunbergii in the second year of direct seeding, and the intercropping of seedlings and transplanting in the same year. Fritillaria intercropping is planted on the middle line of the border, generally using bulbs growing for 1-2 years as cultivation material, and can also be used for direct seeding of Fritillaria seeds. From August to September, the bulbs were planted in the border of Ligusticum ligusticum, trenching or digging small nests, the distance between plants was about 5 cm, covered with soil 5 cm, pressed and flattened. When the seeds were sown, the post-ripening Fritillaria seeds were sown in the border at the beginning of April, covered with a layer of mixed humus fertilizer soil for about 1 cm, and watered to keep moisture.

3.3 Field management

3.3.1 Interseedling and fixed seedling

The direct seeding of Ligusticum ligusticum should be suitable to interplant and replenish seedlings when the seedling height is 3 ~ 4 cm, and the seedling should be fixed when the seedling height is 7 ~ 8 cm, and the plant spacing is 20 cm. Fritillaria sown with seeds do not need inter-seedlings after emergence, and those sown in the same year can be transplanted into bulbs in the next spring to replenish seedlings.

3.3.2 weeding

Ligusticum intercropped Fritillaria needs to be weeded 2 or 3 times a year. When sowing Fritillaria in the first year, weeding should be combined with sowing once before sowing, weeding again when the seedling height is 3 ~ 5 cm after sowing, and the last time after dropping seedlings. In the second and third years, the Ligusticum plant was in a period of vigorous growth, except once when the seedlings were unearthed in early spring and once when young stems and leaves were harvested from June to July. When weeding, the Fritillaria plant should be artificially weeded without harming the bulb, and the small Fritillaria should be planted into the soil immediately.

3.3.3 fertilization

The intercropping of Fritillaria ligustifolia needs a large amount of fertilizer, and 10-15 kg urea can be applied between Fritillaria and Ligusticum when they are just turning green, and after falling seedlings in November, humus soil or farm manure is used for 2 500-3000 kg per 667m2, and the covering soil is 3 cm thick. It not only increases soil fertility but also helps Fritillaria to survive the winter.

3.3.4 shade management

Fritillaria should be shaded throughout the growing period, and the degree of shade should be mastered in intercropping. In the first year, Fritillaria thunbergii seedlings are weak, and the growth of Ligusticum ligusticum plants is not prosperous, but the shade can not be adjusted. In the second and third years, Fritillaria seedlings grow strongly, need a large amount of light, and the branches and leaves of Ligusticum ligusticum are luxuriant. From June to July, the stems and leaves of the medial ligusticum should be removed and eaten, not all at once, and the shade should be adjusted to 40% 50%, picking once every 15 days.

3.3.5 wintering management

When the Ligusticum plants turn yellow and fall back in November every year, the Ligusticum plants should be cut off and the fields should be cleaned, especially when the Ligusticum plants grow to 60-70 cm in the third year, and cut off immediately after the seeds are harvested to facilitate the growth of Ligusticum plants in the coming year.

3.3.6 Water management

Both Ligusticum and Fritillaria like to be wet and afraid of waterlogging. Continuous drought, it is necessary to timely watering to keep the soil moist, especially in the first and second years of intercropping, Fritillaria seedlings are weak, drought resistance is poor. After a long time of rain or heavy rain, it is necessary to dredge the drainage ditch in time to prevent stagnant water and rotten roots.

3.3.7 picking buds

A small amount of Ligusticum ligusticum blossoms in the second year, and the flower branches should be removed. A large number of flowers bloom in the third year, and if the seeds are not collected as provenances, the flower branches should also be removed, which is beneficial to the growth of underground roots.

(4) Disease and pest control

Ligusticum is not easy to occur diseases and insect pests, pay attention to adjust soil moisture in the rainy season, control rotting roots. Fritillaria seedlings are prone to blight in the rainy season in summer. Pay attention to drainage and adjust the shade when the disease occurs, and Bordeaux solution can be used to spray. In addition, Fritillaria bulbs are easy to turn yellow and rot in May-June, pull out diseased plants when onset, reduce soil moisture, and irrigate them with 50% carbendazim 500 times solution or 5% lime water.

5 harvesting

5.1 harvesting stems and leaves of Ligusticum ligusticum

The stem and leaf of Ligusticum ligusticum can be harvested and eaten in the second year, and enter the peak harvest period in the third year. The plant height can be harvested when the plant height is 30-40 cm. The harvest depends on the tenderness of the stem, each stem and leaf can not be lighted once, and the outside of the border can be harvested again, and the inside combined with Fritillaria needs appropriate amount of light. The harvest period is from May to mid-early August.

5.2 seed harvesting

In the third year, Ligusticum can harvest 6-10 kg seeds per 667m2. The flowering period of Ligusticum ligusticum is longer and the seed maturity is different. It can be harvested when the fruit branch color turns brown, not too late, otherwise the seeds are easy to fall. The Fritillaria sown with seeds for intercropping cultivation does not harvest seeds, but those planted with bulbs can harvest seeds in the third year. Cut off the fruit when the shell becomes yellowish brown or brown, remove the shell while fresh, shake out the seeds, and immediately carry out post-ripening treatment.

5.3 Mining of medicinal parts

The roots or bulbs of the two plants cultivated in intercropping for three years can be harvested after falling seedlings from June to July, and when the soil is slightly dry in sunny days, gently insert the soil with a small hoe, tilt upward, shake off the soil, and the bulbs can be exposed, be careful not to damage the bulbs, classify them in time after harvest, the small bulbs are initially processed and sold, and the large bulbs are used as seeds. Fritillaria was covered with soil immediately after excavation to maintain soil moisture and nutrients and maintain the growth of Ligusticum ligusticum in the later stage. After the aboveground part of Fritillaria was withered in the autumn of the year, the withered branches were cut off, dug deeply with a big hoe, dug out the rhizome, dried and sold in the sun, and the long, thin rhizome was left for seed.