No matter which kind of fried scale or bad tail you have, you should not underestimate it.

Rotten tail is the most common disease of ornamental fish, and the water quality is almost immediately reflected from the fish; the incidence of vertical scales is small, and many fish friends may not have encountered this kind of fish disease, but if both diseases occur, it is really worthy of sympathy, so today we will talk about these two diseases in detail.

Vertical

Scale

Disease

Vertical scale disease, also known as scale vertical disease, pine ball disease, pine scale disease, the pathogen is guinea pig unicellular bacteria, which is a kind of fish disease caused by the accumulation of fluid in the scale sac caused by infection after fish injury. From a larger fish body to a parent fish (from development to sexual maturity), a fertile male or female fish is also called seed fish. ) can be infected, mainly harming parent fish with large individuals, vertical scale disease is prevalent in Europe and some countries in Asia, and often occurs in fish culture areas such as Northeast China, North China and East China, mainly in still water aquarium / ponds. it seldom occurs in running water fish ponds. The occurrence and epidemic of the disease occur in the low temperature season, especially when the temperature drops suddenly. The disease often occurs in late winter and early spring, that is, after the opening of the overwintering pond and the initial stage of fish stocking, as well as in late autumn and early winter, that is, after the fish species enter the overwintering pond to before freezing. The mortality rate is generally more than 50%, and the death rate of parent carp can be as high as 85%.

Disease factors

The pathogen suggests that Aeromonas guinea pig (Aeromonas caviae) can cause hemorrhagic septicemia at high temperature and vertical scale disease at low temperature. When the water quality is dirty, the fish is mechanically damaged, frostbite and the disease resistance of the fish is weak, it is infected through the skin.

Main symptoms and pathological changes

The fish blackened in the early stage of the disease. The body surface is rough, the scale in front of the fish is erect, and the scale sac is filled with translucent liquid. Sick fish swim alone, swim slowly, have difficulty breathing in serious cases, lose response to external stimuli and float on the surface of the water. In severe cases, the whole body scales stand up, bloody exudates accumulate in the scale sacs, and the exudates are gently pressed with fingers, and the scales are ejected from under the scales; sometimes accompanied by fin base congestion, there is a translucent liquid between the fin membranes, touching slightly along the direction parallel to the fin, and the liquid is ejected.

Exophthalmos, dilated abdomen, a large amount of ascites in the abdominal cavity. The diseased fish is anemic, and the colors of Gill, liver, spleen and kidney all become lighter. The inner epidermis of the operculum is congested. The disease is more intuitive, the diseased fish with small scales are like files, and the diseased fish with large scales are like pine balls. With the development of the disease, the diseased fish have dyspnea, anemia, loss of balance, or reverse or abdominal upward, slow and weak swimming, and die after two or three days.

Main points of diagnosis

According to the typical symptoms, such as scale erection, exophthalmos, abdominal enlargement, ascites, liquid in the scale sac, light pressure of the scale can spray exudate, a preliminary judgment can be made. Microscopic examination of the exudate in the scale sac shows that there are a large number of gram-negative Brevibacilli and further diagnosis can be made.

Prevention and cure measures

1. Preventive measures

Enhance the physique of fish; every 10 kg of fish weight according to 0.3-0.6 grams of vitamin E per day mixed into artificial feed, long-term use can effectively prevent the disease. Vertical scale disease is caused by infection caused by injury to the body surface of fish. Therefore, care should be taken in the production operations such as fishing, transportation, overcounting and stocking to avoid fish injury. Fish body should be bathed in 4% salt water for 5 minutes for 10 minutes.

2. Treatment

(1) wash the diseased fish for 10 minutes with a mixture of 2 grams of salt and 3 grams of baking soda per liter of water.

(2) take norfloxacin orally, 0.8-1.0 g medicine powder per 10 kg fish body weight per day, once a day for 6 days, and mix it into artificial feed.

(3) parent fish can be injected with streptomycin sulfate, 15 mg / kg body weight; gently break the water vesicle of the scale, do not make the scale fall off, scrub with 10% warm salt water, then apply iodine tincture, intramuscular injection of streptomycin sulfate, has obvious effect.

(4) Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride

Prevention: use 0.5 kg of bait for every 100 kg of fish weight, once a day for 3 days.

Treatment: every 100 kg of fish weight, 2 grams of medicine into bait, feeding once a day for 3 to 7 days.

(5) 200 grams of florfenicol were added to every 100 kg feed, once a day for 3 days.

Matters needing attention in diagnosis and treatment

Vertical scale disease has a large number of short bacilli. Goldfish vertical scale disease should be different from normal pearl scales. The scales of pearl scale goldfish have calcareous calmness and luster, giving people a sense of beauty. The scales of diseased fish with vertical scale disease are dull, and the diseased fish usually sink to the bottom or lose their balance.

Rotten

tail

Disease

A disease caused by bacteria characterized by decay and detachment of the caudal fin. The disease can occur all the year round, from fish to spawning parent fish, which is harmful to species with thinner caudal fins in ornamental fish.

Disease factors

The original difference of rotting tail disease in different fish species. There are Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas aeruginosa, Bacillus hydrophila, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas hydrophila (Aeromonas sobria) infection, etc. These bacteria are conditional pathogens and widely exist in water. They are easy to be infected when water quality deteriorates, climate changes, fish scales fall off, skin damage, malnutrition, fish disease resistance decreases or parasitic diseases occur.

Main symptoms and pathological changes

Main symptoms and pathological changes: the disease mostly occurs in ornamental fish with thin caudal fin, especially pearl fish. The disease is not obvious at first and is not easy to detect. When floating head, careful observation shows that there are speckled white spots on the tail stalk of diseased fish. With the development of the disease, followed by eating decline, fin hyperemia, caudal handle scale exfoliation, inflammation, hyperemia, muscle necrosis and decay and other symptoms, caudal fin and caudal handle congestion, inflammation, milky white, decay at the end of the fin, some of the connective tissue between the cartilage of the fin is split, showing a broken broom shape, in severe cases, the caudal fin can rot, caudal stalk muscle fester, bone exposure.

Due to decay caused by incomplete fins, fish are often out of balance, wandering alone, floating and sinking, head sloping, caudal fin oblique to the surface.

Pay attention to the main points

It can be diagnosed for the first time according to the characteristic symptoms of diseased fish, such as hyperemia of fin, destruction of interfin tissue, spread of fin, erosion of fin end, ulceration of caudal stalk muscle and even decay of the whole tail.

Prevention and cure measures

1. Preventive measures

The main results are as follows: (1) in the process of culture, it is always necessary to maintain a good water environment, especially in the surface cement pond, whose self-purification ability is poor, and more attention should be paid to water disinfection to avoid excessive reproduction of Aeromonas aeruginosa in water.

(2) in summer, the transparency of the water body should be improved, the sun should be shaded properly and the tail should be prevented from being scalded.

(3) care should be taken in all operations involving fish bodies to avoid injury to fish bodies and mucous membranes.

(4) remove parasites in time to avoid parasite bites and fish bodies.

2. Treatment

(1) the sick parent fish is injected with 80, 000 IU of penicillin per chapter (1.5-2.0 ml physiological salt per bottle). (diluted with water) or cefradine 0.5 g, injected into the thoracic (abdominal) fin.

(2) strong chlorine was sprinkled with alcohol in the whole pond, and the therapeutic concentration was 0.4 × 0.5 g per cubic meter of water. At the same time, use this medicine to make bait for feeding, 60 grams per 100 kg of fish body, once a day, for 3 days if the caudal fin is partially rotten and incomplete, cut off with scissors to make the fins flat, and then treat with the above-mentioned drugs. Usually after 10 to 15 days, the cracked fin can heal and the cut can regenerate, but the regenerated fin and the old fin will leave a mark.

Matters needing attention in diagnosis and treatment

The main results are as follows: 1. Differential diagnosis should be different from red skin disease.

Fin decay disease is characterized by hyperemia of fins, destruction of tissue between fins, spread of fins, erosion of fin ends, festering of caudal stalk muscles and even rotting of the whole tail, so the disease is called rotting tail disease. Another kind of fin decay is caused by Pseudomonas fluorescens. The fin tip of the diseased fish decays, and the soft tissue between the fins is destroyed, making the fin broom-like. At the same time, the diseased fish is accompanied by inflammation on the body surface and scale shedding. This disease is also called red skin disease.

2. Drug use

When this disease occurs, the injection of sensitive antibiotics is the key disease to cure diseased fish, also known as red skin disease. In addition, the disease is easily complicated with fungal diseases and other bacterial diseases, so attention should be paid to identification and targeted control measures should be taken. No matter what treatment plan is adopted, the fish tank / fish pond water should be thoroughly discharged before treatment, and the water quality should be treated with photosynthetic bacteria and water improvers or living bacteria in time after treatment. only in this way can recurrence be avoided within a few days after the cure of rotting tail disease. At the same time, the concentration and time of medication should be determined according to water temperature, PH, size of diseased fish and physical condition, and the activity of diseased fish should be observed frequently and the treatment plan should be adjusted in time.

So much for the above. I hope I can help you. I hope you can give us your advice if there are any deficiencies.