Gingko planting techniques

Ginkgo biloba is a kind of excellent tree species for both fruit and timber, which is tall and beautiful, and it is also a beautiful ornamental tree species. Ginkgo biloba has strong adaptability to soil, acid, alkali and drought tolerance, and its life span is as long as hundreds of years, even more than a thousand years. The fruit is rich in ginkgolic acid and ginkgo alcohol, which is rich in nutrition and can be used as food or medicine. The leaves can produce "coronary heart ketone" and other medicines, and can also be used as paddy field fertilizers and pesticides. Its wood is light and flexible, fine-grained and not easy to crack, so it is a good material for construction, craftsmanship and furniture.

Growth habit

Ginkgo biloba is a deciduous fruit tree with slow growth, late inoculation and long life, which is dioecious and often forms a tall crown with strong dryness and obvious layers. The canopy of real trees is mostly tower-shaped, conical or oval. When the production of grafted trees is blocked without central trunk or central trunk, the crown can begin to be semicircular or happy in the later stage of growth. The branches in the crown can be divided into two types: growing branches and short shrinking branches. The long branch is formed by the upward and outward extension of several buds at the end of the branch, which is the basis of the crown.

The short branch is formed by the buds in the middle and lower part of the branch, and then extends weakly every year. The internodes are extreme, also known as "scale branch" or "milk branch". Under certain conditions, short branches can also produce long branches. Young trees under 10 years old have a higher proportion of long branches, accounting for about 70% of the total branch volume. A tree that is more than 50 years old. The number of long branches decreased sharply, and the proportion of short branches increased significantly, accounting for more than 80% of the total branches, so the crowns of adult trees are often sparse. Sometimes, the hidden buds of old trees or big branches can also sprout directly to form short branches.

After fruiting age, the female flowers and male inflorescences of ginkgo trees are clustered on the short branches of female and male plants, respectively. There are 5 to 14 leaves on short branches, and flower buds can be formed on sturdy short branches with more than 6 leaves. Flower buds are mixed buds, terminal, very short in spring and then blossom in leaf axils. Each shortening branch on the female plant can be inoculated with 2-14 (usually 5-6). The formation of flower buds on short branches is related to the nutritional status of the tree and the age and growth status of the basal branches. Generally speaking, the fruiting ability of shortened branches is the most on the basal branches of 3-12 years old, and then the fruiting ability decreases gradually.

The sprouting rate of the long branches of Ginkgo biloba is very high, except for the first top buds, the axillary buds on the other nodes can produce short branches, and form flower buds to blossom and bear fruit, which is very easy to form big and small years. However, the shortening branches on the same basal branch sometimes bear fruit alternately. Male inflorescences grow between axils of shortened branches and leaves, and 4-6 inflorescences can be borne on each shortened branch.

Propagation methods of ginkgo biloba there are many kinds of propagation methods, such as seedling, ramet and grafting, which are widely used in production. The seed-bearing method is late, and the seed seed is small, so it is mostly used to cultivate wood and fruit trees, or to cultivate rootstock seedlings. The seeds can be sown in winter or in spring after sand storage. About 600 kg-750 kg seeds are needed per 1000 square meters of seedbed. The cotyledons of ginkgo biloba seedlings are not unearthed, and the soil cover can be thicker. The growth of seedlings is very slow, and it is suitable for sunshade at high temperature in summer. The lateral root of one-year-old seedling is underdeveloped, and the height of the seedling is no more than 20ml / 30cm. It is not suitable to come out of the nursery or for grafting. Generally, it is necessary to change the bed to cultivate for 2mi-3 years, and wait for the seedlings to reach a height of 60ml / 100cm before coming out of the nursery.

Ramet is the use of ginkgo biloba plant base sprouting, before sprouting in spring 2muri-March. Carry some old roots and fibrous roots, which is conducive to survival. The fruiting age of ramet seedlings is earlier than that of fruiting seedlings, but it takes about 10 years. Ramet seedlings are cultivated, but they are fixed and planted in the field, and they can also be used as sticky wood for grafting. The ramet should be selected from the root of the female plant.

The cuttage survival rate of Ginkgo biloba is lower than that of tree species which are easy to root, but cutting propagation can save seeds and expand seedling sources. The cutting method is divided into hardwood cuttage and green wood cuttage. Hardwood cuttings selected annual branches as cuttings, cut into about 20 cm, the lower end cut into horseshoe shape, with 30/1000000 to 50/1000000 acetic acid solution (the effective ingredient of rooting agent) treatment of 12murmuri for 24 hours, or soaked in 50 ppm ABT-1 rooting powder for 1 hour, and then cut into the soil with a depth of about 10 cm.

The ginkgo trees propagated by grafting are the earliest to bear fruit, and the tree body is shorter, so it is easy to manage. In the past, high stem grafting with large rootstock was often used in producing areas, which was not conducive to a large number of rapid seedling breeding and garden establishment. At present, seedling grafting is popularized in production, that is, 2-3-year-old rootstock seedlings are grafted at a lower position 30 cm-50 cm above the ground, and one-year-old branches are used as spikes. There are two main grafting methods: split grafting and subcutaneous grafting. The grafting period is from mid-late March to early April.

Planting and management

The open land with deep soil layer and good drainage should be selected in the garden where ginkgo biloba is planted. It is not suitable to build a garden where low-lying moisture, heavy salinity and heavy soil are not suitable. The planting distance can generally be 4-5 meters, such as the implementation of planned close planting can further reduce the plant row spacing. The Ginkgo biloba leaf-picking orchard is built with highly close planting, with a row spacing of only 0.7 Muthi 1 meter. Ginkgo trees planted sporadically on the four sides can form large crowns, and the row spacing can be expanded to 6 Mel 8 meters. The root system of Ginkgo biloba recovered slowly after injury, and the larger the seedling was, the longer it took to resume growth. Planting and transplanting seedlings should damage the root system as little as possible, so as not to lengthen the slow seedling stage and affect the growth and fruiting.

Ginkgo tree growth is slow, strengthen soil fertilizer management, can accelerate growth, according to the initial discretion to increase the amount of base fertilizer, topdressing 1-2 times before sprouting, in order to promote the growth of new shoots, applying 0.8 kg-1 kg compound fertilizer or pouring manure from mature people. Ginkgo avoid wet waterlogging, rainy season should pay attention to ground drainage.