Analysis on the present situation of tissue Culture Seedling Market of Guolan

Carry forward the national orchid culture and spread the knowledge of orchids

The initial success of tissue culture of Chinese orchid was reported in the 1980s, since then, some non-batch tissue culture seedlings appeared one after another, and a stable batch of tissue culture seedlings supply market until after entering the new century. Although it is easy to buy Guolan tissue culture plantlets now, compared with the Guolan market with thousands of "varieties", the number of tissue culture plantlets on the market is still very small. Compared with many other plants which have a short history of tissue culture research but have been widely used, such as banana, eucalyptus, strawberry, Phalaenopsis and so on, this situation is obviously not normal. The tissue culture of national orchid has been studied for more than 40 years, and the first tissue culture seedling of national orchid has been around for at least 20 years. This paper will try to analyze the abnormal current situation of Guolan tissue culture seedling market from many aspects.

First, problems at the technical level

After decades of continuous exploration by many front-line researchers, the production technology of Guolan tissue culture seedlings seems to have reached a basic consensus, that is, the production technology of Guolan tissue culture seedlings is indeed very difficult. As for the problems at the technical level, the main reason is that the tissue culture and rapid propagation of orchid seedlings needs relatively special technology, and the application effect of general tissue culture technology is not good, and this technology needs innovation, but the current degree of innovation is not enough. has not achieved a qualitative breakthrough.

In addition to the absolute requirements for innovation in the training technology of the national orchid, there is another very important reason for the technical problems at the technical level. that is, due to the high estimation of the economic benefits that Guolan tissue culture technology can produce, the academic, experience and technical exchanges between Guolan tissue culture colleagues are not smooth, and the secrecy between each other has formed a lot of small castles that fight alone, and collective wisdom has not been brought into full play. It hinders the progress of tissue culture research of Guolan. This situation is also reflected to some extent in academic publications; there are a large number of research papers on Guolan tissue culture that can be found now, but what is really useful is only Lin Mao Fengjiao, and most of the papers are followers. There are few new contents and insights.

At present, there are more new leaf art varieties with lower price in the tissue culture seedling market, but there are fewer old varieties with relatively high price, as well as the present situation that there are more orchid vase seedlings. It reflects the fact that the application effect of tissue culture technology which has been mature but used for rapid propagation of seedlings is still not satisfactory. Because, new leaf art varieties can be obtained by aseptic sowing technology, and can be selected in the bottle, and then propagated through regular cutting culture. Although regular cutting culture belongs to the content of tissue culture and rapid propagation, because the material does not need to be sterilized at this time, the material will not be damaged by the sterilization solution with strong toxicity or strong oxidation. More importantly, it can bypass the start-up of the material, which is the most difficult barrier for tissue culture and rapid propagation, so that the technical difficulty of the whole culture process is greatly reduced.

The technical problems may be difficult to be solved in the short term, because the national and local governments in the orchid producing areas of various countries have carried out numerous scientific research projects in the past, but basically did not get the expected results. As long as these competent departments are not too forgetful, or do not have "special bigwigs" or special relationships to play a role, it seems impossible to use taxpayers' money to study the tissue culture technology of national orchid in the future. because the tissue culture of national orchid no longer belongs to the category of high technology, it does not work well even if the project is successful. If managers consider only their own performance, rather than taking care of certain relationships, it is impossible to invest money in things that have been proved to be very likely to "fetch water". Although there are too many examples of doing tissue culture research on national orchid, one day the difficulty of tissue culture of national orchid will be broken, because there is no problem that cannot be solved in theory, and the difficulty of tissue culture of national orchid has been broken. personal feeling is still pinned on non-governmental institutions, because only non-governmental institutions can persist for 10 or 20 years after many failures. Unlike projects supported by government departments, the duration of the project will not exceed one term of office of the leader. It is important to know that the research results that can be achieved by 10 beginners each for three years and a total of 30 years will never be more than that achieved by one person for 10 years in a row.

Recently, the leading manufacturer of tissue culture seedlings in China, Tongxin Guolan Technology Co., Ltd. has launched a new breed of Chunlan lotus butterfly, "Sansheng", which has been cultivated for ten years. The emergence of this variety can also confirm that the national orchid hybrid sowing technology has been very mature, and the breakthrough of national orchid tissue culture will be placed on non-governmental institutions. Concentric companies have maintained a high reputation for recalling missold or mutated tissue culture seedlings (Tongxin butterflies) and for producing tissue culture seedlings of good quality and easy to grow. From this point of view, the statement that the concentric company "spent ten years' work" is definitely not an excuse to sell "Sansheng" at a high price of more than 1,000 yuan, but from a technical point of view, to cultivate a new variety of national orchid and carry out mass seedling tissue culture production, it is also necessary to spend 10 years of work, or it already contains the element of "good luck". Due to the maturity of Guolan hybrid tissue culture technology and the accumulation of the application achievements of these mature technologies, to put it bluntly, with the current "three saints" and the previous "Tang Dynasty", we have every reason to expect that new varieties of the same excellence will appear tomorrow or the day after tomorrow, next year or the year after next.

Second, the problem of the botanical attribute of Guolan.

This is related to the above technical problems, because according to the basic theory of plant tissue culture, that is, the totipotency theory of cells, the tissues and cells of each kind of plant can be cultured, and the key is to provide suitable culture conditions. and this suitable culture condition is provided by the appropriate culture technology, so it can be regarded as a technical problem. However, because most of the plant species of some taxa, such as Solanaceae, can be cultured by the most general culture techniques and get quite ideal results, it is mainly due to the botanical property of the national orchid that it is not possible to produce tissue culture plantlets in large quantities.

Guolan's own problems have formed several bottlenecks that hinder the production of Guolan tissue culture plantlets. These bottlenecks are as follows: 1) the adaptability of organ and tissue culture is poor after leaving the mother, the tissue is easy to necrosis, and it is difficult to start culture. 2) the growth and proliferation rate is extremely slow, which increases the probability of pollution, production cost and the risk of failure. 3) the characteristics of stubbornly forming rhizomes and the low germination rate of rhizomes lead to a considerable number of tissue culture seedlings even if they can proliferate to get more rhizomes.

In addition, there are great differences among different types and varieties of national orchids, resulting in great differences in the requirements of specific training techniques. Therefore, theoretically, there is not a culture technique suitable for all types of varieties, for example, the scope of application of a specific medium component can not be very wide, which makes it difficult for the original technology to be applied to the production of tissue culture seedlings of new varieties. it is difficult to increase the number of tissue culture seedlings.

Third, the characteristics of the national orchid market.

Although the industrialization of Guolan production has been put forward for many years, the Guolan market still belongs to the nature of variety market, and the market share of mass consumer goods with moderate price and high ornamental value is still relatively small. The variety market is similar to the receipt market and the investment market. A remarkable feature of the collected goods is that the price is inversely proportional to the quantity. Although the number of orchids can be increased through planting, which is essentially different from that of ordinary harvested products, the proliferation rate of national orchids is usually very slow, that is, an increase of 1 to 3 times after one year of planting, therefore, the quantity can be relatively stable, ensure that the trading market of valuable varieties is the seller's market and maintain the stability of this market.

Rare national orchid varieties are expensive, and under usual circumstances, planting several pots of valuable national orchids is more profitable than being busy doing other things all day. Although there are risks in investing in valuable national orchid varieties, it has become the most important business content in the orchid world in the past two decades because of its high benefits. In the variety market, investment in the purchase of rare and precious varieties, through speculation to raise the price or increase the quantity to sell profits is the profit way for the participants in the national orchid variety market.

In theory, the application of tissue culture technology can significantly increase the number of some varieties. Although the increase in quantity does not decrease the quality of the variety, it is likely to lead to a significant reduction in the price of the variety due to the sharp increase in quantity. Because increasing the number to some extent does not increase the overall market value of a particular variety, the owners of rare varieties are not enthusiastic or even extremely opposed to tissue culture propagation of their own rare varieties.

Because the nature of the national orchid market belongs to the variety market can explain why there are no tissue culture seedlings of rare varieties, but as to why many of them are not particularly valuable, the problems that have spread and are owned by more people, such as the fact that most traditional varieties do not have tissue culture seedlings, are difficult to explain by the nature that the national orchid market belongs to the variety market. In the final analysis, the main problem may be the technical problem.

Fourth, the problem of traditional culture of Guolan.

It is generally believed that traditional culture needs to be protected, and the most basic way of protection is to maintain the foundation of this culture and the previous social conditions under which it can survive. As the impact and even destructive power of the new technology on the traditional culture is obvious to all, the possible impact of the tissue culture technology on the traditional national orchid culture, which is different from the traditional way of reproduction, has never been underestimated. The tissue culture technology has even become the heart of some backbone people in the orchid world, for fear that one day too many national orchids will no longer have a culture that is no longer fun. Due to the criticism of tissue culture technology by some orchid-related personnel, there is obvious resistance to the application of tissue culture technology in national orchid. Although it has been studied for several decades, it has failed to produce a greater effect similar to that of other plant tissue culture techniques. Most varieties of national orchid tissue culture have not been successful.

Although we can affirm the absoluteness of the influence of tissue culture technology on national orchid traditional culture, there may be different views on whether tissue culture technology has destructive power on national orchid traditional culture. In fact, the traditional culture with strong vitality does not need to be deliberately protected, but the culture with strong vitality has a common characteristic, that is, it is not always in a "frozen" state. but can make use of a variety of external conditions to enrich their own content and develop with the times. If we recognize that we not only have the responsibility to inherit the traditional culture of the national orchid, but also need to carry forward the traditional culture of the national orchid, we need to make an accurate assessment of the impact of tissue culture on the traditional culture of the national orchid. In order to promote or limit the application of tissue culture in the production of national orchid seedlings, so that the national orchid culture can not only be inherited, but also not lose the conditions that can be used to promote development.

Yesterday's today is today's yesterday, the culture formed yesterday is today's traditional culture, and the culture formed today will also become the traditional culture of tomorrow. From a negative point of view, the application of tissue culture technology in the production of national orchid may affect the original pattern and stability of the national orchid circle, but from a positive point of view, it will enrich the content of national orchid culture and form a more vital national orchid culture containing elements of the era of science and technology.

Fifth, the problems related to the tissue culture plantlet itself.

It is generally believed that when the tissue culture technology is mature, the production cost of Guolan tissue culture seedlings will not be too high, and the seedlings can be copied (cloned) thousands of times as if they were copied by a photocopier. However, the actual situation is that except for a few varieties, the tissue culture efficiency of many varieties may not be very high, and the production cost can not be reduced. Therefore, the capital preservation sale of tissue culture seedling manufacturers can not be carried out because the price is still higher than the public expectation. On the other hand, because after 2-3 years of professional cultivation, tissue culture seedlings will be no different from orchid plants of traditional propagation methods, but the price is 10 times or even more than 100 times higher than tissue culture plantlets. Some tissue culture manufacturers are more willing to grow their own tissue culture seedlings before selling them in order to obtain greater profits and avoid criticism from some anti-tissue culture people, resulting in the false impression that there are few kinds of tissue culture seedlings on the market.

Tissue culture seedlings just out of the bottle need to be planted in a special way, otherwise it is difficult to survive. The planting process after coming out of the bottle is commonly known as "hardening" in the national orchid world, and is more often called "seedling refining" or "domestication" in other plants. The definition of "refining seedlings" is to provide suitable conditions and necessary time to promote tissue culture seedlings originally grown in high humidity and aseptic conditions to adapt to the new cultivation environment. For most plants, one or two weeks is enough, but for Guolan, the longer the time, the better. It is indeed more appropriate to use "hardening" to express the planting of national orchid after it comes out of the bottle than to use "refining seedlings", because the hardening process not only enables tissue culture seedlings to adapt to the new cultivation environment, but also makes tissue culture seedlings grow taller, bigger and harder. it is easier to adapt to general planting management conditions.

Some people think that tissue culture seedlings with short hardening period should not be sold as commodities, and the sale of these products harms consumers. The reason is that the tissue culture seedlings of Chinese orchid with short hardening period are difficult to survive. There is some truth in this, but it is not necessarily true, because for orchid friends with higher planting techniques, not having a short hardening period of tissue culture seedlings to buy is actually a lack of a choice or even a loss of the best choice. With the extension of hardening time, the price of tissue culture seedlings continues to rise. if they cannot buy relatively cheap tissue culture seedlings with a shorter hardening period, these master growers can only spend more money to buy the same number of tissue culture plantlets. and as a result, there is less of the feeling of watching the weak tissue culture seedlings grow up day by day, which is different from the traditional tiller seedlings. There is another argument that tissue culture seedlings with a short hardening period should not be sold as commodities, that is, foreigners never retail tissue culture bottle seedlings of foreign orchids, such as Phalaenopsis and Cymbidium, as commodities. And this hypothesis (this can only be a hypothesis, because in fact, no one can prove that foreigners do not sell tissue culture bottle seedlings) belong to the foreign orchid market is very standard. The sale of tissue culture seedlings of Cymbidium has been banned from the market. There is obviously a big problem with this view, that is, it confuses the commodity nature of the national orchid and the foreign orchid, that is, the national orchid is not only bought to see, but also bought to grow and breed, and the content of viewing buds and leaves in the process of planting and cultivation is very rich. In addition to the bright red flowers, the orchid has no value that can be appreciated in the process of planting and breeding. Since almost no one buys orchids without flowers to go home, there will be no market for retail tissue culture plantlets. There is a market only when there is demand, which has nothing to do with norms and institutions.

Summary: existence is reasonable, the production and sales of Guolan tissue culture seedlings involve many problems, therefore, the seemingly abnormal situation of few varieties in Guolan tissue culture seedlings market can be explained in the above or more aspects. However, if the above situation in the Guolan tissue culture seedling market is only an illusion, then the underlying reasons are still worthy of our further exploration.

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