Production and Maintenance of Pistacia chinensis Bonsai

Coptis chinensis, also known as Kaishu, Kaishu, medicinal tree, cockscomb, etc., is a deciduous tree of the genus Coptis in the lacquer family. The crown is nearly spherical and the bark is flaky. Originated in China, widely distributed, wild and cultivated in the north from the Yellow River basin, south to Liangguang and southwest provinces, among which Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi and Shaanxi are the most. Pistacia chinensis likes light and is sun-resistant when young; it likes warmth and is afraid of cold; it grows well in fertile, moist and well-drained limestone mountains. Pistacia chinensis has beautiful tree shape, open crown, majestic posture, luxuriant branches and leaves, extremely beautiful purplish red or light green female and male inflorescences in early spring, red leaves in spring, emerald green in summer, golden leaves in autumn and cold branches in winter. it is an excellent greening tree species for cities and scenic spots, and it is suitable to be used as shade trees, street trees and mountain landscape trees, and has high ornamental value as bonsai trees. This paper briefly introduces the production and maintenance methods of Pistacia chinensis bonsai.

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I. Source of seedlings

Pistacia chinensis is usually raised by seeds, and spring sowing is usually from late February to mid-March. Due to the small amount of seedlings needed to make bonsai, a small arch shed can be used to raise seedlings. Trench strip sowing was used in the arch shed, row spacing 20~30cm, sowing width 5~6cm, sowing depth 3cm, sowing soil 2~3cm after sowing. Then cover the arch shed with plastic film to facilitate heat preservation and moisturizing. Only after one month of sowing can the seedlings emerge, and the germination rate can reach 50%-60%. After emergence, the plastic film can be removed. During the seedling growth period, weed and loosen the soil once every 10-20 days. When the seedling height was 10cm, the distance between seedlings and 10cm was about the first time. In the later stage, topdressing and watering twice to promote the growth of seedlings. When the seedling is as high as 15~20cm, interseedling and fixed seedling are carried out for the last time, the weak seedling is removed and the strong seedling is retained. Because Pistacia chinensis belongs to tall Arbor, the growth rate of seedling is fast, and the height of 1-year-old seedlings can reach 60~80cm. Seedlings generally need to be cultivated in the nursery bed for 2 years before they can be shaped in the basin, so after sprouting leaves in the second year, attention should be paid to the dwarfing and strong breeding of seedlings, and the terminal buds should be removed in time to restrain the growth and height of seedlings. More lateral branches should be retained and potash fertilizer should be added to facilitate the hardening and thickening growth of seedlings.

2. Selection of basin soil

Pistacia chinensis has strong adaptability and lax requirements on soil, and can grow on acidic, neutral and slightly alkaline soils. However, Pistacia chinensis belongs to tall trees with thicker stems and developed root systems. Due to the limited volume of flowerpots, the root growth of potted Pistacia chinensis is inhibited. Sufficient fertility must be contained in the limited potted soil in order to maintain its growth and fruiting needs. Select loose and fertile pastoral soil, sift, add fully mature organic manure (such as compost, stable manure, green manure, etc.), add 1 pear 5 crushed plant straw, soak the above raw material soil with 5% human feces and urine or 1% urea aqueous solution, and the humidity is released by hand. Pile it in a sunny place, cover it with plastic film and ferment at high temperature for 15 to 20 days.

Third, select the basin

Choose different containers according to the location of the bonsai. For viewing on the desk or windowsill, you can choose ceramic or pottery flowerpots with both diameter and height around 30cm, with drainage holes at the bottom; on the courtyard or balcony, containers such as small wooden boxes, buckets, vats and flowerpots can be used; general commercial Coptis chinensis bonsai should choose mud pots or purple sand pots without glaze.

IV. Upper basin modeling

1. Billet maintenance

Before and after the Spring Equinox, the sturdy seedlings that had grown on the seedbed for 2 years were dug out, and attention should be paid to protecting the lateral root and fibrous root when digging. In order to ensure that the growth height of bonsai seedlings does not exceed 80cm, all branches above 50~60cm of newly dug seedlings should be cut off. Before planting, the drainage hole of the flowerpot should be covered with two pieces of broken tiles, so that it can drain without soil leakage, and pad a layer of coarse sand at the bottom of the pot to increase air permeability and be beneficial to the survival and growth of seedlings. Then load 1xue 2 basin soil, the middle of the basin soil is high and low around, stretch the seedling root system, the root stem is upright, after filling the soil, gently lift the seedling by hand to shake the basin and press the soil, the basin soil should be lower than the basin edge 3~5cm, in order to sufficient irrigation. The soil in the new basin is very loose, so you can press it gently with your hands, and then slowly water it to prevent the topsoil from being washed into a big pit. After the first watering seeps down, it needs to be watered again until the water flows out from the bottom of the hole. We should pay attention to prevent the irrigation of half a section of water, wet and dry, affecting survival and growth. After pouring water, you should first put it in a cool place to slow down the seedlings. After another year of cultivation, it can not be modeled until the new branches and leaves are luxuriant.

2. Processing and modeling

The modeling should be carried out in April of the following spring after putting on the basin. The crown of the naturally growing Pistacia chinensis is spherical, while the potted Pistacia chinensis needs repeated topping and high dwarfing treatment, and its lateral branches grow longer and luxuriantly, so the lateral branches can be twisted and tied according to this characteristic. 4-5 layers of side branches are generally retained on the trunk, and the growth intensity and angle of each layer of side branches should be adjusted to make the lower side branches grow obliquely, the middle side branches basically along the horizontal direction, and the upper side branches obliquely extend upward, combined with tree shape slightly pruned to make it grow into a sphere close to but much larger than the ratio of crown to trunk in the natural growth state, so as to make a natural bonsai with ingenious and appropriate matching. The pattern can also be designed according to the growth form of the seedling, because of the pile potential, according to the figure cable shape, organized and straight, it can be made into oblique horizontal type, curved dry type and so on. In early summer, the new branches will be tied up, combined with pruning to further shape.

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3. Turn the basin and change the soil

The root system of Pistacia chinensis is developed, the growth rate is fast, the bonsai which has been continuously cultivated for several years and has been formed, the nutrients of the basin soil have been exhausted, the particle structure of the basin soil will change, the air permeability will decrease, and the root system will no longer have room for further growth and expansion, which will affect the growth and survival of seedlings. Therefore, the cultivated Pistacia chinensis bonsai had better be turned over every 2 years, and the soil should be changed before sprouting in spring. Take a flowerpot a little larger than the original, install the 1x3 pots of culture soil, pull up the bonsai seedlings that have been growing for many years with the root soil (the potted soil should not be too wet when pulling up, lest the potted soil fall), float on the potted soil of the 3pots, carefully remove part of the original soil of the seedlings, hurt the whisker roots as little as possible, and add some new soil appropriately, so that the pot soil is about 1~2cm lower than that along the basin, so as to facilitate watering. Let the root grow into the new soil, promote the root system to further develop, thus strengthen the growth of the branches, promote the stem to grow thick, branches and leaves luxuriant.

V. maintenance of Coptis chinensis bonsai

Pistacia chinensis likes light, warmth and cold, and the seedlings are sun-resistant. The bonsai should be placed in a sunny, ventilated and moist place. Summer can not lack of water exposure, winter to move into the greenhouse or the building closed better balcony overwintering, usually pay attention to keep the basin soil moist. During the growth period, the management of fertilizer and water should be strengthened, and thin cake fertilizer or cooked human feces should be applied every 20-30. Attention should be paid to the treatment of cutting off the top and limiting height of seedlings in each growing season so as to promote the development of seedlings to the direction of short and strong. Bonsai should be pruned in time in autumn and winter, according to different appreciation requirements, thinning, short cutting, retraction and other means should be used to cut off excess side branches, parallel branches, cross branches, over-dense branches, long branches and withered branches, highlight the trunk and enrich the appreciation branches. make it have a higher artistic style. Pistacia chinensis is dioecious, so attention should be paid to the proportion of female and male plants in the production of bonsai. Male branches and buds can also be grafted on female branches, combined with artificial pollination to improve fruit setting rate and seed setting rate, so that the same bonsai can achieve the multiple effects of leaf viewing, flower viewing (female and male inflorescence), fruit viewing and tree stump viewing at the same time. Pistacia chinensis has strong stress resistance, volatile aromatic compounds in leaves and bark have strong insecticidal and insecticidal effects, and there are few diseases and pests. According to the above methods, excellent ornamental bonsai with crown can be produced after years of cultivation, modeling and careful maintenance of Pistacia chinensis. Because of the high content of volatile aromatic oil in the leaves of Coptis chinensis, it can emit rare and peculiar olive aroma into the air, and the leaves can absorb and absorb a large number of harmful gases such as SO2 and soot in the air, as indoor bonsai, put on the desk, windowsill, balcony and other places, can effectively purify and refresh the air, which is beneficial to people's physical and mental health.

END

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