Hangtai Aquarium: these five kinds of nutrients are indispensable.

When we raise ornamental fish in captivity, the diet is rich in nutrients needed by ornamental fish, including protein, sugar, fat, vitamins and minerals, which must be sufficient and reasonable. Only in this way can the fish grow and reproduce healthily. If a certain nutrient is insufficient or too much, it will affect the growth of fish and, in severe cases, may cause malnutrition or even death. Today we're going to talk about the impact of a lack of certain ingredients.

1. Diseases caused by insufficient or excessive protein or imbalance of various amino acids

The protein in feed is the most important substance for the growth of ornamental fish, and it is the basis of body protein. The protein demand of fish is 2 to 4 times higher than that of birds and mammals. Protein deficiency not only affects fish weight gain, but also affects its life activities. Such as carp lack of vitamins and amino acids, will cause the physical deterioration of fish, imbalance, spinal curvature, and seriously affect the liver and pancreas.

If the content of various amino acids in the feed is unbalanced, or the content of protein in the feed is too high, it is not only uneconomical, but harmful to a certain extent. Although fish have the ability of deamination and ammonia excretion to deal with excess protein beyond the needs of growth and maintenance of life, this is limited. The excess part is mainly discharged into the water in the form of ammonia, and the content of ammonia in water is a limiting factor for fish growth. The accumulation of excess ammonia can lead to fish poisoning and death.

2. Diseases caused by insufficient or excessive sugars

Sugar is a kind of energy substance, which can regulate protein, and it is also one of the components of fish tissue. The degree of available sugars of fish is far lower than that of livestock and poultry, such as the content of sugar in feed is too high, which exceeds the limit of carbohydrate demand of fish, and the excess part of synthetic fat will cause visceral fat accumulation, liver fat infiltration and large accumulation of liver sugar. cause fatty liver disease liver detoxification ability to decline, fish anti-stress ability and disease resistance is poor, not resistant to long-distance transportation, mortality increased. The appearance of the fish is short, the belly is big, and the anatomy shows that the abdominal cavity is full of fat, hepatomegaly, light color and shiny appearance.

Long-term insufficient intake of sugar can also cause metabolic disorder, decline in growth rate, and emaciation of the body.

3. Diseases caused by insufficient or deteriorated fat

Fat in feed is the main source of fatty acids and energy. Fish show various growth abnormalities due to insufficient intake of essential fatty acids, which is called essential fatty acid deficiency.

Lack of essential fatty acids will lead to slow growth, low feed efficiency, decreased fecundity and hatching rate, serious fin erosion, myocardial inflammation, shock and so on.

If the fat content in the diet is too high, it can cause too much fat deposition in the fish, hindering its physiological function for the fat with high melting point, which is not easy for fish to digest. If this kind of fat is used for a long time or in large quantities, it is easy to cause fatty liver disease. At the same time, fat is easy to deteriorate, and the aldehydes, ketones and acids produced by oxidized fat are toxic. Practice has proved that carp eating feed containing metamorphic fat can suffer from back lean disease, muscle fiber atrophy and necrosis, and in serious cases lead to carp death. Therefore, feed materials with high fat content must be extracted in advance and added appropriately when used. In order to prevent the toxicity of oxidized fat, a sufficient amount of vitamin E should be added to the feed.

4. Diseases caused by vitamin deficiency

Fish respond more slowly to vitamin deficiency than warm-blooded animals, and they can survive for a long time without vitamin feed. The main reasons for vitamin deficiency in fish are not only insufficient intake, but also the existence of vitamin antagonists in feed and the inhibition of Hangsheng on intestinal bacteria, which reduces vitamin synthesis. The symptoms of vitamin deficiency in fish are not typical, and there are differences in the performance of different species of fish with the same vitamin deficiency.

Carp in the lack of vitamin B, the appetite will be significantly decreased, like warm-blooded animals, digestive tract secretion and activity, food digestion and absorption function is destroyed, oxygen consumption is significantly reduced, growth is significantly delayed. When lacking vitamin B, it can also cause spasms, hydrops in the abdominal cavity, exophthalmos; lack of pantothenic acid, inositol, nicotinic acid, which can cause loss of appetite, slow growth, increased fat in the liver and pancreas, and form fatty liver.

Carp lack vitamin A when the growth is slow, loss of appetite, skin bleeding, Gill cover and edge of the skin membrane reverse, hypertrophy, exophthalmos.

When the fish lacks vitamin C, the fish body is deformed and the spine is S-shaped, which affects the growth and appearance of the fish.

When vitamin E deficiency occurs, there are lean chiropractic, muscle fiber atrophy, swimming disorder, low function of insulin B cells and pituitary hormone cells, and increase of serum protein.

5. Diseases caused by lack of minerals

Feed must contain enough minerals, minerals are important components of fish body, and its physiological functions are various, which can promote growth, improve the utilization rate of nutrients, and play an important role in maintaining cell osmotic pressure.

Osteomalacia is caused by phosphorus deficiency. Generally, the content of calcium in water is high, and fish can absorb calcium in water through gills and no longer add calcium when preparing feed, which has little effect on growth. However, it is difficult for fish to absorb phosphorus in the water, because part of the phosphorus in the water is absorbed by phytoplankton and partly deposited in the bottom of the water as phosphorus-calcium compounds, and the content of available phosphorus dissolved in the water is very low. Almost all the phosphorus needed by the fish body comes from the feed, and the fish body absorbs calcium and phosphorus synchronously, if there is a lack of phosphorus in the feed, the absorption of calcium will be affected, resulting in poor growth, skull and operculum deformities, exophthalmos, curvature of the spine, and square skulls due to deformation, so it is called square head disease.

Carp with magnesium deficiency had poor growth, high mortality, abnormal swimming (spasm) and increased bone calcium.

Hypochromic and glomerular anemia in carp with iron deficiency.

When carp is deficient in zinc, it grows slowly and its skin and fins are prone to erosion.

This is why we have always stressed the diversity of food, must not always feed a single feed. It will not only raise the mouth that loves fish, but also can not provide balanced nutrition. Keeping a pet is like raising a child. I hope the above content can help you today.