Identification of common varieties of Chinese orchids

Carry forward the national orchid culture and spread the knowledge of orchids

National orchid usually refers to the geophytic orchid species native to Cymbidium in China, mainly including Cymbidium, Cymbidium, Jian Orchid, Cold Orchid, Cymbidium, Spring Sword, Lotus Orchid and so on. The national orchid includes about 30 wild species distributed in China.

1. Chunlan

Chunlan is also known as mountain orchid, grass orchid, floppy orchid, Pudi E, blossoming incense. The main characteristics of Chunlan are as follows:

Root: the root of Cymbidium is slender and cylindrical, usually 20-40 cm long and 0.5-0.8 cm in diameter, occasionally beyond this range. Roots tapering from base to tip, usually unbranched.

Stem: the pseudobulb of Cymbidium is more obvious, slightly spherical or oval, smaller, enclosed in the leaf base and sheath, clustered, 1-1.6 cm high and 0.8-1.5 cm in diameter.

Leaves: Cymbidium leaves 4-7, tufted, narrow band-shaped, leaves 20-55 cm long, 0.6-1.7 cm wide; leaves are thin leathery, soft, green to dark green; leaves are spreading.

Flowers: spring orchid blossoms from February to March, the early flowering stage is in mid-February, the flowering stage is from late February to early March, and the last flowering stage begins in mid-March. Scape arises from the inside of sheath-like leaves at the base of the pseudobulb, cylindrical, erect, shorter than leaves, 2-15 cm long, 1 or 2 flowers per scape; flowers 4-8 cm in diameter, mostly fragrant; flower color varies greatly, from light yellowish green, green, yellowish white, light brown to other colors, generally with variegated veins and spots

2. Cymbidium

Its characteristics are as follows:

Root: the root of Cymbidium is thick and short, 21-35 cm long, 0.5-1 cm in diameter, and the base is slightly thicker than the front end of the root, unbranched.

Stem: pseudobulb inconspicuous, clustered, 1.4-1.8 cm high, 0.8-1.3 cm in diameter, oval in shape.

Leaves: 5-8 clumps, 30-140 cm long, or even longer, 0.6-1.3 cm wide, narrow band, base often folded, erect, upper leaf slightly curved, thin leathery, hard texture; midrib obvious, translucent, protruding to the back of the leaf, parallel veins are also obvious; leaf margin coarsely serrated, rough, middle and lower depth concave, transverse section is "U" shaped The leaf tip is acuminate, the midvein is symmetrical on both sides; the petiole scar is not obvious; the sheath leaf is thin leathery, 7-15 cm long; the leaf base of the seedling gradually diverges and does not show a clasping shape.

Flowers: flowering from April to May, early in mid-April, full bloom in late April and late flowering in May; 1-2 arrows with orange-yellow flowers with deep purplish red veins and spots; flowers usually have rich aroma.

3. Jianlan

Jianlan is also known as Sijilan, Xia Hui, Xia Lan, Qiu Lan, Qiu Hui, Jianhui and so on.

Root: the root of Jian Lan is stout, 20-25 cm long, 0.6-0.9 cm in diameter, branched.

Stem: pseudobulbs clustered, ellipsoid, slightly longitudinally flattened; 1-1.5 cm high and 1.2-1.7 cm in diameter.

Leaves: leaves 2-6 clump, narrowly banded, slightly glossy, 20-65 cm long and 1-2 cm wide; leaves erect and sturdy, upper slightly oblique; thin leathery, hard; flat, dark green.

Flowers: the flowering period of Jian Orchid is from July to October, usually blooming twice, about a month apart; the early flowering stage is as early as early July and the full flowering stage is in mid-July; the initial flowering stage of the second flowering is in early August and the middle flowering stage is in the middle of July; if the first flower blooms late, the second flower will bloom as late as early August; it will bloom in early September and enter the last flowering stage in mid-September. There are 1-2 arrows, 3-9 flowers, or even more; when flowering, the ovary turns 180 degrees and gives off a strong aroma; the flowers are of medium size, about 4.3-6.2 cm in diameter; the flowers vary greatly in color, often yellowish green, with purple and purple veins and spots.

4. Han Lan

Root: the root of Hanlan is thinner, 20-30 cm long and 0.4-0.6 cm in diameter. Branched.

Stem: pseudo-bulb clustered in clusters, 2-4 cm high, 1.2-2 cm in diameter, long oval or narrowly ovoid, enclosed in the leaf base.

Leaves: leaves 3-7 tufted, banded, thinly leathery, dark green, glossy or dull; leaf blade 40-80 cm long, 0.9-3.5 cm wide, spreading, upper finger drooping; midvein conspicuous, protruding abaxially; entire or apex denticulate, leaf apex acuminate, midvein symmetrical on both sides; petiole scar obvious; sheath-shaped leaves thinly leathery, 10-12 cm long.

Flowers: cold orchid scape arising from the inside of sheath-like leaves at the base of the pseudobulb, 25-60-(80) cm long, Terete, erect; quilt 5-8, 5-7 cm long, membranous, translucent, clasping scape, often with strong and persistent aroma; flowers large, 6-9 cm in diameter; flowers of various colors, such as yellow-green, purplish red, dark purple, etc., usually with mottled veins and spots.

The flowering period of cold orchid varies from region to region, usually from October to November, but there are also July and January flowering, and even April-May flowering, so in recent years, people think that cold orchid should be divided into spring cold orchid, summer cold orchid, autumn cold orchid and so on.

5. Mo Lan

Root: the root of Mulan is strong and long.

Stem: pseudobulb ellipsoid or ovoid, clustered; 1.4-2.5 cm in diam.

Leaves: leaves 3-5 tufted; banded, entire, subleathery, dark green, glossy, upper spreading outward, lower articulated; 60-90 cm long and 2-4.2 cm wide.

Flowers: scape emanating from the base of the pseudobulb, usually taller than the leaf surface, erect; there are 7-20 flowers, medium size, 4-5 cm in diam., flowers of various colors, but mostly purple-brown with deep purple veins, flowers often fragrant; bracts small, with nectaries at base; sepals narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, petals shorter and wider than sepals, extending forward, covering over gynostem.

Ink Orchid, also known as New year Orchid, New year Orchid, Fengshian Orchid, Renxian Orchid.

6. Spring sword:

Spring sword plant shape is tall, the leaf width is 1 cm 2.2 cm, the leaf length is 40 cm 100 cm, the leaf quality is like Chunlan. Florescence is also at the same time as Chunlan, a peduncle with 2-5 flowers, flowers blooming 4-8 cm in diameter, rich and colorful flowers with good fragrance. A variety of Cymbidium.

Leaves erect, flower stems erect, 20 to 30 cm high, with 2 to 5 flowers, sometimes 7, flower bracts longer than ovary peduncles; flowers 5 to 6 cm in diameter, light yellowish green, often translucent and fragrant.

The sepals are oblong-lanceolate, the middle sepals are erect and slightly tilted forward, the lateral sepals are oblique to the left and right, the petals are shorter than the sepals, there are three purplish red stripes at the base, and the lips are obtuse and anti-curled. Spring sword leaf posture tall and straight Cangjian, exquisite, quite elegant.

There are red, yellow, white, green, purple, black and complex colors, gorgeous and dazzling, slim appearance, elegant charm, pure fragrance, often the first choice for orchid people.

Spring Jian was first regarded as a variety of Cymbidium, and later it was designated as an independent species.

7. Lotus petal orchid:

Also known as Xiao Xue Lan, Beyalam. The distribution area is very narrow. The leaves of lotus petal orchid are thin and narrow, with a length of 50 cm and a width of 0.5 cm and 1.2 cm. The leaves are clustered with 6-9 pieces, and the pseudobulb is small, generally only about 1 cm in diameter, but the root is very sturdy, with a diameter of about 0.5 cm. The pedicel is erect and round, with 2-3 flowers, the petals are thin, the hidden stripes on the perianth are obvious, and the flower diameter is about 3.5-6 cm. Sepals lanceolate, petals long ovate. The flowering period is from January to March, and the flowers bloom with a strong and elegant aroma. Due to the lack of time, the collation of the data is not perfect. Publish the following content first, and then add it when it is empty.

Orchids, you are a good teacher on the way to raise orchids.