Bonsai production: what are the methods of grafting seedlings?

The technique of grafting seedlings by grafting the branches of a superior variety onto the branch, stem or root of another plant to make it heal and grow into a new plant. The new plant cultivated by grafting is called grafted seedling.

The main results are as follows: (1) when the endodermis is easy to peel off during the growing period, the cambium cells are active and the grafting is easy to survive. Bud grafting has the advantages of saving scion, high survival rate of grafting, firm grafting, fast seedling formation, long grafting time and so on.

"T" shaped bud grafting method: it is a common bud grafting method. First select full buds from the scion, cut upward from 1.5 cm under the bud with a grafting knife, the knife should reach the xylem, cut to more than 1.5 cm above the bud, cut off the cortex at 1 cm above the bud, connect to the longitudinal incision, hold both sides of the bud with your hands, and gently shake off the bud slices. The bud is about 2 cm long and 0.6 cm wide without xylem (if it is not easy to leave the skin, it can also take xylem microstrip). The grafted part of the rootstock was cut into a T-shaped interface, reaching to the xylem, the transverse incision was slightly wider than the bud, and the longitudinal cut was slightly shorter than the bud. Pry open the cut, insert the cut bud into the incision, align the upper edge of the bud with the transverse incision of the interface and make it close. Fasten the plastic strip from the bottom up to expose the petiole or bud. Generally speaking, it can survive in the next 20 days. Embedded bud grafting: this method can be used when scions or rootstocks are not easy to peel off. Take the scion upside down, cut it obliquely from 1 cm above the bud, about 2 cm long, then cut down 1 cm below the bud to the bottom of the first knife edge, and remove the bud piece. Cut the incision on the rootstock according to the same method, the cut is slightly longer than the bud, insert the bud into the incision, and fasten it from the bottom up with a plastic strip. Budding usually takes about 20 days to check the survival rate. Where the fresh petiole of the bud falls at the touch of the bud, it will survive. Those who did not survive should be picked up in time. Cut the anvil in time after the grafting bud germinates, the cutting mouth is 1 cm above the grafting bud and slopes down to the back of the grafting bud.

(2) there are many methods of grafting, such as web grafting, split grafting, oblique splitting grafting, cutting grafting, skin grafting, tongue grafting, reverse polarity grafting and so on. As long as the rootstock and panicle are strong, the season is suitable, the operation is rapid, the cutting surface is straight, the rootstock cambium is tight, and the binding is tight and firm, the survival rate of any grafting method is very high. During the operation, the requirements of modeling, the orientation and angle of rootstock branches, the shape of scion, and the grafting position and method should be taken into account.

Ventral grafting: cut a flat slope on each side of the selected bud at the lower end of the scion, with a length of 2cm and 2.5cm, respectively, to form a wedge with a thicker side of the bud and a thinner back of the bud. Cut all the openings obliquely down at the smooth place of the rootstock, which is the same length as the scion cutting surface. Then insert the scion to align the rootstock cambium, cut off the branches of the rootstock above the interface close to the interface, and tie the interface tightly with plastic strip. This method can change the growth angle of the original branches of scion and rootstock, which is convenient for modeling. It is suitable to be used when rootstocks and scions are as thick as or about 1 times thicker than scions. Cutting method: the scion is cut into two slopes, the long side is about 3 cm, located on the same side of the first bud of the lower part, and the short side is about 1 cm, located on the long side. The rootstock was cut at the grafting site and cut longitudinally at the edge of the xylem, and the cut length was the same as the scion length. Then insert the scion to align one or both sides of the cambium and bind it. This method is often used when the rootstock is thicker.

Split grafting: the cutting side of the scion is equal in length (about 3 cm) and is located on both sides of the bottom bud. The rootstock is transected and cut longitudinally from the center. The notch length is the same as the scion length. Then insert the scion to align one or both sides of the cambium and bind it. This method can be used when the rootstock is the same diameter as the scion (can align the forming layers on both sides) or several times thicker than the scion (aligning one side of the forming layer). If the cut of the rootstock is changed from downward longitudinal cutting to oblique cutting to one side, it is the oblique splitting method. This method should be used when the rootstock is thicker, and the advantage is that the scion of the interface clip is tight and the direction of the scion is easy to adjust. Subcutaneous grafting: also known as skin grafting, suitable for rootstock thicker and easy to leave the skin. Cut a 2 cm-3 cm long Mal-shaped slope on the opposite side of the scion bottom bud, and cut off part of the opposite cortex to expose the cambium. After the rootstock is cut across, the scion is inserted along its cortex and then tied. Some natural stumps are often short of branches, which can be pruned by this method. The practice is to cut a triangle with a knife where the branch needs to be mended and remove the cut skin to expose the cambium. The bottom of the triangle is the direction in which the branch is inserted. When the skin of the rootstock is thick, bamboo sticks can be used to simulate scion insertion to avoid injury during scion insertion. After that, insert the scion and tie it. Tongue grafting: it is suitable for fine branch grafting, and the thickness of rootstock is close to that of scion. During the operation, the rootstock and the scion are first cut into a large slope of equal length, and then cut obliquely from the top of the pith into the xylem about 0.5 cm to form a tongue-like wedge, and then the two are inserted against each other and tied up at the cambium.

Wonderful content