Famous experts teach you to make bonsai trees.

Bonsai is to show a certain part of the landscape of nature, it can be reduced to a tree or a piece of stone, the largest can contain a world, that is, its spiritual world. It is often said that bonsai art creation has only a starting point but no end. The exploration of the spiritual world of bonsai is the exploration of its deep cultural connotation.

The basic characteristics of bonsai trees

Bonsai trees are the main content of bonsai in China. It is a living work of art that takes trees as the main material, the appearance and elegant demeanor of ancient trees in nature as a model, and the expression techniques of bonsai art as techniques.

Bonsai works of trees must have a beautiful and moving artistic image. Under the guidance of the combination of natural beauty and artistic beauty, his creation is based on the ornamental characteristics of the roots, stems, branches, leaves, flowers and fruits of trees, giving full play to the personality of the material.

Bonsai works of trees must also be able to express feelings in the scenery, vivid charm, artistic conception, connotation and style.

Bonsai trees, in addition to the main materials, there are flowerpots, several frames. Only when the scenery, the basin and the frame cooperate with each other properly, can it be regarded as a complete good work of the trinity.

The modeling of bonsai trees is the basis of other types of bonsai modeling. The essence of the so-called tree and stone bonsai, flood and drought bonsai is mainly trees, and stone only plays a role of foil and embellishment. Although the landscape bonsai is dominated by stone, there are also trees. Only with the foil and embellishment of the trees can the works show more vitality. If you have a solid foundation in the modeling of bonsai trees, you will be more comfortable with other types of bonsai modeling, with tacit understanding and without losing norms; if your skills are shallow, there are likely to be cluttered tree structure, mismatch between tree posture and environment, or uncoordinated proportion between trees and rocks, and it will be impossible to give people the enjoyment of beauty.

Like other types of bonsai modeling, tree bonsai must skillfully master the basic principles of bonsai modeling and the application of diverse and unified artistic dialectics. Only in this way can practice make perfect, handy, and the artistry of the work can be fully reflected.

In the bonsai of trees, except that the bonsai with stone sometimes needs to be filled with rocks because of defects in the root plate of tree material, it is generally necessary to ensure that the cooperation of all parts of the tree should be natural and tacit, and strive to seek the balance and stability of the tree itself, so as to achieve a degree of integrity or perfection, instead of resorting to the arrangement of rocks or other accessories. Only such a work can be regarded as an excellent work. To know that a single material can complete its own perfect shape, is the most concise, the most implicit, but also the most intriguing. It leaves the widest space for people to imagine.

If several rocks or furnishings can be arranged in the bonsai works, and therefore make people feel better, it means that the bonsai may: the shape of the tree is unstable and unbalanced; the selection of the basin is not appropriate, which makes the basin mouth too large and makes people feel too empty; when the tree shape can not fully reflect the theme, I want to use the use of rocks and furnishings to give full play.

This practice is not very ideal and is easy to cause confusion with other forms of bonsai. However, the jungle bonsai basin is shallow, and it is also possible to bury several rocks in the forest in order to make the landscape vast, so as to increase the fluctuation of the basin surface. But it is still the jungle style of tree bonsai, not another kind of bonsai form.

Classification and form of bonsai trees

In the past, our country used to divide tree bonsai into two categories: natural bonsai and regular bonsai. According to the existing research, regular bonsai should belong to the category of folk art, has its own tradition, and belongs to the scope of our discussion and study. Only natural bonsai is introduced below.

1. Divided by tree species

Bonsai trees can be divided into pines and cypresses, miscellaneous trees and flowers and fruits according to different tree species.

(1) Pines and cypresses are made of pine and cypress trees, which are evergreen coniferous species, such as five-needle pine, black pine, Masson pine, Huangshan pine, round cypress, juniper and juniper, and some taxaceae trees such as Luohan pine.

(2) the material of miscellaneous trees generally refers to the broad-leaved trees that can be used to make bonsai, which can be evergreen trees, but more deciduous or semi-deciduous trees. The common ones are banyan, yellow poplar, Jiuli incense, hammer elm, Finch plum, park tree and maple.

(3) Flower and fruit bonsai whose main ornamental objects are flowers and fruits, such as plum blossom bonsai, camellia bonsai, rhododendron bonsai, Hawthorn bonsai, firethorn bonsai, apple bonsai and so on.

two。 Bonsai trees are divided according to specifications, including large bonsai, medium bonsai, small bonsai and miniature bonsai.

The comparison of previous bonsai exhibitions in China has made the following provisions on the case of bonsai trees.

Large bonsai: 0.80 to 1.20 meters

Medium-sized bonsai: 0.40mm 0.79m

Miniature bonsai: 0.10 to 0.39 meters

Miniature bonsai: less than 0.10 meters.

The display of miniature bonsai must use a combination of ancient shelves to appreciate not only the beauty of the individual shape but also the coordination and change of the overall layout. Group miniature bonsai can have tree bonsai, landscape bonsai, stone appreciation or a small number of handicrafts to join, but mainly tree bonsai.

The calculation of the specification is based on the height of the tree, generally from the rhizosphere to the highest point of the crown (including the sacred branch). There are also some special cases, such as stone bonsai should be calculated from the contact between the rock and the basin soil, not from the root of the tree. So the practical significance of tree height is Jinggao. As another example, the trunk of the literati tree is tall and thin, its height has been exceeded, but its body is far from enough. The calculation of the specification of literati tree can be relaxed appropriately.

3. According to the number of trees

Bonsai trees are usually made up of one pot and one tree, but there are also two, three or more trees in one pot. Therefore, according to the tree classification, it can be divided into two types: isolated planting type and group planting type.

(1) solitary planting, one pot and one tree. Strict requirements for all parts of the tree, the pursuit of complete coordination, with "heavy posture" and "can be painted" as the most important factors.

(2) two or more trees can be planted in a pot. Its shape is more complex and difficult. When modeling, it is emphasized that there are high and low primary and secondary trees, sparse and dense branches, sparse hidden dew, positive oblique echo, etc., and we should make full use of artistic dialectics to make it a unified, coordinated and poetic work.

Group-planting bonsai is generally more than one tree species, or multiple tree species can be planted together, regardless of evergreen or deciduous trees. However, it should be noted that the changes of leaf shape should be similar in order to facilitate unity and coordination, and the tree-based yin and yang dryness and humidity should also be similar to facilitate maintenance and management.

4. Several main forms

Due to the different growth environment, the posture of trees in nature is endless, which is reflected in the form of bonsai trees. From the point of view of modeling, the form of tree bonsai is mainly divided according to the change of trunk posture and the number of trees, which can be divided into eight forms: straight type, curved dry type, oblique dry type, cliff type, double dry type, jungle type, stone-attached type and literati tree.

The form of bonsai art works should not be divided into too much detail, but should be simple and reasonable. All modeling techniques and ornamental effects should be combined together, such as horizontal dry type and facing water type can be combined into one type, jungle type, one wood multi-dry type and bridge type can be combined into one type, and so on.