Cultivation and Management techniques of Pinus tabulaeformis

Pinus tabulaeformis, also known as northeast black pine, short-leaf Masson pine, evergreen tree, is distributed in Liaoning, Jilin, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shandong, Ningxia, Sichuan, Qinghai and other places. Pinus tabulaeformis is evergreen all the year round and the tree is vigorous, so it is a good material for landscaping. The cultivation and management techniques are introduced as follows, for reference only.

Pinus tabulaeformis is a light-loving tree species, 1-2-year-old seedlings are slightly resistant to shade, and adult trees grow poorly or even die if the light is not enough. Cold-resistant, can withstand the low temperature of-30 ℃. The soil is not strict and resistant to barren, but it does not grow well in low humidity and clayey soil, likes neutral and acidic soil, and is not resistant to salt and alkali. Deep-rooted, medium growth rate, spring is the peak growth period, seedlings can blossom and bear fruit in 6 to 7 years.

Water and fertilizer management

Pinus tabulaeformis has strong drought resistance, and the requirement of water is not very strict. generally speaking, the first three water should be watered well when planting, the rest of the time should be reliable natural precipitation growth, and frozen water should be poured at the end of autumn. After heavy rain in summer, it should be drained in time to avoid the death of seedlings caused by stagnant water. Unfreeze water in time in the early spring of the following year, and water the rest of the year in accordance with the method of the first year. From the third year, thawing water and frozen water can be poured every year, and the rest of the time are reliable natural precipitation growth. It is worth reminding that if you catch up with several consecutive months of drought, you should also timely watering to alleviate the drought, too drought is not conducive to seedling growth.

Pinus tabulaeformis is resistant to barren, but also likes fertilizer, and sufficient fertilizer can make the seedlings grow vigorously. When planting, cow and horse manure can be used as base fertilizer, and the base fertilizer should be mixed well with the subsoil. In the past, there was an understanding that chemical fertilizer could not be used in the seedling stage of Pinus tabulaeformis, but according to the practice of some seedling breeders, reasonable and appropriate amount of topdressing, nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the later stage could accelerate the growth of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings. There will be no fertilizer damage. Some cattle and horse manure can be applied in combination with frozen water in winter. In the second year, topdressing can be carried out during the growing period according to the method of the first year, and cow and horse manure will be applied at the end of autumn. Fertilization can be carried out according to the method of the second year from the third year.

Pruning and shaping

If Pinus tabulaeformis is not modeled, the natural tree-shaped Pinus tabulaeformis does not require high pruning, so we can pay attention to thinning the overdense branches and pruning some introverted branches, disease and insect branches, drooping branches and cross branches in time. Styling seedlings should be trimmed according to the application requirements, trimming modeling should pay attention to step by step, not fast, greedy for one step. But also according to the requirements to take binding, stretching and other methods for modeling.

Reproduction method

Pinus tabulaeformis, which is 30 to 50 years old, with beautiful shape, good dryness, strong resistance and no diseases and insect pests, was selected as the mother plant. It is the best time to collect seeds after the cones are ripe in early October. The collected cones are placed in a ventilated place to dry. After the seeds are removed, the seeds are disinfected with 75% chlorothalonil wettable particles 800 times liquid spray. After drying, the cones are stored in a low temperature dry place for storage.

There are two kinds of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings, one is flat-bottomed nursery seedlings, the other is container seedlings. Container seedling is easy to operate, save land and seeds, and the survival rate of transplanting is very high, so container seedling method is often used everywhere in recent years. Choose the place where the leeward to the sun is easy to operate as the breeding ground. The nursery land should be ploughed to make a low bed or flat bed. A nutrition bowl with a height of 10 cm and a diameter of 7 cm was used as a seedling container. The substrate was made from sandy loam and rotting fermented cow and horse manure and disinfected. Before sowing, the seeds should be treated with 45 ℃ warm water for 24 hours. after absorbing enough water, they can be covered with wet cloth and sprayed with water every day. A week later, the seed coat can be used for sowing. Before sowing, arrange the nutrition bowl neatly on the seedling bed, then sow 5 to 7 seeds in each bowl, cover it with plain sandy soil after sowing, and then spray water to keep the soil moist.

Pest control

The common disease of Pinus tabulaeformis is pine seedling quenching disease, which is also known as standing blight, and its pathogen is Rhizoctonia and Fusarium oxysporum. There are four common symptoms: rot type, tip rot type, quenching type and standing withered type, of which sudden collapse type and standing withered type are the most common. Pine seedling damping-off disease should be controlled immediately when raising seedlings. First, the nursery land should be selected, the clayey soil should not be selected as the nursery site, the nursery and substrate should be thoroughly disinfected before sowing, and the stagnant water in the nursery should be prevented and controlled during the seedling period. If there is an occurrence, you can spray and irrigate the root with 500 times of 25% diexamethasone wettable powder, once every 10 days, 3 to 4 times in a row.

The pests harmful to Pinus tabulaeformis are: broad-shouldered bugs, pine tip chest foam cicada, Pinus tabulaeformis aphid, Pinus tabulaeformis, Japanese pine scale, Japanese single molting scale, pine 12-toothed beetle, pine tip spot borer and so on more than 30 species.

If there are wide-shouldered bugs and loose-pointed breast foam cicadas, 48% Lesbon EC 3500 times or 3% hyperosmotic phenoxyvir EC 3000 times can be sprayed in the nymph stage for control. If there are Pinus tabulaeformis ball, aphid Chinese fir aphid, Pinus tabulaeformis aphid and Pinus tabulaeformis aphid, it can be killed with 2000 times of imidacloprid wettable particles or 1.2% bitter tobacco EC 1000 times. If Japanese pine dry scale and Japanese single molting shield scale occur, 1 to 1.5 Baomedo stone sulfur mixture can be sprayed in the 1st to 2nd instar nymph stage, and dry branches can be sprayed with 3000 times of 3% hyperosmotic phenoxycarb or 1000 times of 20% promethazol during the exposure period.

If there is a small pine leaf moth, 20% diflubenzuron suspension 7000 times or 1.8% avermectin EC 3000 times can be sprayed in the larval instar.

If pine transverse pit cutting bark beetle, pine longitudinal pit cutting shoot beetle, pine twelve tooth bark beetle, middle hole pine pit bark beetle, red resin bark beetle, pseudo pine shoot bark beetle and Pinus tabulaeformis tip bark beetle occur, 20% Tiemike granules can be applied to the root of the tree or injected into the tree before the adults fly out in spring. If there is a slight red shoot spot borer, pineal spot borer occurrence, you can use light or attractant to kill adults, larva harmful period to release mite.