Planting technique of potted Hawthorn

1. Selection of flowerpots and preparation of nutrient soil

Flowerpots should choose tile pots with a caliber of 30cm and a depth of 30cm, or wooden buckets and wooden boxes equivalent to this. The nutrient soil in the basin was composed of rotten leaf soil or humus soil, garden soil and sand according to the ratio of 4 ∶ 4 ∶ 2.

two。 Variety selection

Potted Hawthorn generally choose varieties with late fruit maturity, large fruit shape, bright red color and strong cold resistance. Such as red cotton, swallow red, Volly red, Cold Dew red, big Venus, Zezhou red, big cotton ball and so on.

3. Seedling culture

There is a big difference between the seedlings used in pot cultivation and open field cultivation. First of all, the seedlings used in pot Hawthorn should have well-developed fibrous roots within a small range from the root neck, and the larger the amount of fibrous roots, the more beneficial to the growth after potting. Hawthorn seedlings grafted with root tiller seedlings have the above characteristics, which is very suitable for Hawthorn pot cultivation. In the wild Hawthorn distribution place or under the Hawthorn tree, take the root seedlings, transplant to the nursery for centralized management, unified grafting. After the grafting survived, the growth of the root system has become exuberant, and the root can be cut with a sharp knife or shovel in the soil 20 cm away from the trunk in the growing season, including cutting off the main root of the seedling rootstock (usually 20-30 cm deep) and pruning the root shortly. in order to limit the extension of the root system and increase the amount of fibrous roots. In order to control the seedling height and reduce the trunk branching point, the methods such as trunk branch pulling (increasing angle) and timely coring in the early stage of shoot growth (May) were adopted for the shoot. According to the requirements of pot shaping, the years of seedling culture in the nursery can be extended, but it can be put on the pot for 1 to 3 years after grafting. After potting, perennial branches with flower buds can also be grafted, which has the obvious characteristics of high survival rate and good fruit setting.

4. Shaping and pruning

The tree shape can be in many forms, such as curved dry, straight dry, oblique dry, layered and so on. However, because the top advantage of Hawthorn is obvious, it is easy to cause the growth of lower branches and buds to weaken. The basic requirements of its tree shape are that the tree should be short rather than high, the angle of the main branch should be large, not small, and the erect branch on the back should be short rather than long, so that its branches can expand outward and form a slightly flat crown. Winter pruning is mainly thinning and shrinking. Remove weak branches, crossed branches, overlapping branches, over-dense branches and erect branches. When retreating the long thin and weak branches, it should be noted that the branches with suitable direction must be left at the cut in order to restore the branch potential. Summer pruning, under the premise of sufficient branches, the sprouting tillering branches from latent buds on the cutting mouth and branches should be removed in time after germination. Pre-flower re-pruning is the main content of summer pruning. It solves the ratio of fruiting branches to vegetative branches by thinning flowers. The ratio of fruiting branch to vegetative branch of Hawthorn in pot should be in the range of 1 ∶ 1 to 3. The growth potential is strong, the proportion of vegetative branches should be reduced, the growth potential is weak, and the proportion of vegetative branches should be increased.

5. Promote sturdiness and flowering

Potted Hawthorn can form flower buds at the top as long as the new shoots are stout and autumn shoots do not occur. The stronger the fruiting branch is, the stronger its continuous fruiting ability is. Therefore, under the condition of ensuring the compact shape of the tree, cultivating a sufficient number of strong branches is the basic measure to improve the pot level of Hawthorn. The critical period from sprouting to early flowering is the critical period of water and fertilizer demand for Hawthorn, and the fertilizer and water management is the key to promote the health of branches and the formation of flower buds. Use 0.2% 0.3% inorganic liquid nitrogen fertilizer 3 times and 200 times organic liquid fertilizer at intervals of 7 to 10 days each time. After the middle of July, the use of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer was controlled to inhibit the occurrence of autumn shoots. In addition, measures such as girdling and root pruning can be used to promote flower bud formation.

6. Promote flowers and protect fruits

Spraying gibberellin 30 × 10, 60 × 10, 6 in the full bloom of Hawthorn can increase the fruit setting rate by 30% to 40%, and increase the fruit significantly. Ring peeling and ring cutting of the trunk of Hawthorn at full flowering stage can also significantly increase the fruit setting rate. However, the object of girdling and ring-cutting must be potted trees with strong growth, otherwise the effect is not good, and even a large number of fallen flowers and fruits will be produced.

7. Prevent the cold from overwintering

Hawthorn has strong cold resistance, but under pot conditions, the protection of pot wall on root system is limited, so measures should be taken to prevent frost injury. For a large number of potted plants, you can dig ditches on the spot and bury the basin. The depth of the ditch depends on the height of the basin. Before burying, fill the basin and ditch with enough water, and then seal the soil after the water seeps dry. For a small number of potted Hawthorn, can be moved into the corridor or indoor overwintering, and pay attention to appropriate watering, once a month. Potted Hawthorn can be removed from the ditch or indoor after the soil is thawed in March.