Bonsai knowledge: fruit tree bonsai cultivation skills teach you all

Fruit tree bonsai has both fruit and fruit characteristics. It is not only for people to appreciate the shape, but also for people to eat fruit, with fruit, fruit molding, fruit, it is a good plant for the family. The bonsai of fruit trees four times a year has no elegant value. The flowers in spring are small, the branches are luxuriant in summer, the fruits are numerous in spring, and the standing is hard and rich in summer. The fruit trees in our country are very rich. All kinds of wild fruit trees and their rootstocks can be used in mountainous areas, and bonsai with foreign characteristics can also be developed according to local conditions. The variety of fruit tree is single, and the seed can be collected in situ, which is easy to produce, easy to deal with and less investment.

1. Container selection and site preparation

The container of potted fruit trees is mainly round, which is beneficial to the average development of root system. In addition, the container needs to permeate water and air permeability to ensure that the root system needs to expand its oxygen demand and prevent the water accumulated in the container from forming rotting roots. Among them, vegetarian pot is the most suitable for planting bonsai fruit trees. The soil pH value of potted fruit trees is 4.5-7.5. According to the requirements of incompatible species, the inorganic nutrient-rich soil which is not suitable for equipment should be the sandy loam rich in humus. The commonly used equipment and soil are 4 mature soil, 2 sand and 1 ash. Potted soil should be disinfected before application, and can be cooked, disinfected, baked or disinfected.

two. Grafting

There are two popular grafting methods: one is splicing. Within one month, the branches selected from summer were selected as scions, and inactive grafting or other dwarf and strong rootstocks were selected as rootstocks. The smooth and delicate midgut of the rootstock is cut with a knife, 3~4cm deep, the side of the scion (branch group) is tilted into a 2~3cm long slippery plane, pull out the rootstock to aim at the composite layer, and then tighten with plastic. C belt and rope from the bottom to the bottom, and then take the basin or ground for 1 year. The soil is buried through the interface to keep it moist. The second is the root connection. Before and after the Qingming Festival, the rootstocks with strong resistance and strong resistance were selected. They are scions made of old rough stakes or good branches and inserted into 2-4 rootstocks.

three. Fertilizer and water management

As the root system of fruit trees can only get nutrients from potted plants, the nutrition only in potted soil can not meet the needs of the development of fruit trees, so we must pay attention to the fertilizers in fruit trees for a long time. The base fertilizer is mainly inorganic fertilizer, and the fertilizer is used properly. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied once before flowering, more than 1 kg of phosphate fertilizer was irrigated back, and the fertilizer was dumped about 1kg/ plant. Fertilize with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 0.3% urea, once every 15 days and 3 days, and apply potassium phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30 days before harvest. After each dressing, the water should be irrigated once, and the permeable water of 1 should be irrigated backwards to help the root system unfold. Not too wet; during the dormant period, we should strictly control and water the plants, not the soil.

four.

According to the species and characteristics of fruit trees, the bonsai of fruit trees can be made from various natural forms, such as round head, tower shape, two-branch antlers, three-cup shape, weeping willow, dragon shape and so on. In afforestation, we should not only have the benefit of potted fruit trees, but also have indecent value. On the basis of popularizing flowers and plants, the techniques of short pruning and pruning are established, including sprouting, picking branches, holding branches, branches, ring cutting, retraction, pulling branches and so on. Can also draw branches and shrubs, cut long branches, dense branches, effective branches, etc., to enhance lighting. In order to improve the senescence of bonsai, a grafting knife can be used to carve several curves on the tree trunk. At the beginning of the season, wires can be wound around the branches of fruit trees to form the desired trees. In addition, the drug can also be used to dwarf trees. For example, spraying plant swelling retarders (such as paclobutrazol, B9, dwarfing, etc.) on the leaves of fruit trees for a long time (summer) can weaken the branches, shorten the internodes and dwarf the plants. In addition, the fruit size of fruit tree bonsai is moderate. The potted flowers of fruit trees are too big for New year's Eve. It should be in the budding stage, maybe in the fruiting stage. If there are few flower buds, more buds can be left, and artificial pollination can be included to increase the amount of fruit suspension.

five.

One is the inverted basin. Because the nutrients in the soil are washed away by fruit trees, or because of frequent watering, they are poured every 2 to 3 years to replace the new nutritious soil. After the old dirt trailer was thrown out of the basin, the old roots 2 to 3cm thick outside the barrel were cut off. At the top of the bowl, mix the inorganic fertilizer with nutritious soil and fill the bottom. Then, put the soil in the basin and fill it with fertilizer. The second is the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. In the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of potted fruit trees, the rope size should be based on prevention and prevention. At the beginning of the season, every 20 days, 70% methyl BuZasoto wet powder, or 500 times 65 times mannitol wet powder, 500 times the disease, 1800 times 2.5% aphids and 20% white mites, and 2000 times white mites. Third, spend the winter. In areas that do not cause frost damage in summer, it is common not to overwinter indoors, allowing them to sleep naturally in winter. In order to cover the bonsai of fruit trees in winter, you can also water the soil once before freezing, and then wrap the whole container in a grass bag to protect against the cold. The pot can be buried in the soil to keep it cold. In the summer monsoon area, we should also look for windbreaks and build windbreaks on the windward side of the nursery.