Aseptic sowing and Propagation of Paphiopedilum

Paphiopedilum (PaPhboedilum), also known as slipper orchid, because of its flower central labial expansion into a bag-like, like slippers upside down and named. More than 60 native species of Paphiopedilum have been found in the world, of which 65% are native to China. Paph.aniacum and Paph.micracum 'Otani' discovered in Yunnan Province in 1980s have won awards in international orchid exhibitions for many years. In January 1994, Paph. amiacum 'Otani' won bronze medal in orchid exhibition held in Los Angeles, USA. Since the end of 1980s, in our country, the situation of digging up the native species of Paphiopedilum has been occurring continuously, which makes this natural resource in danger of extinction. Since 1992, we have used culture technique to conduct asepsis sowing and propagation experiments on some native and hybrid species of Paphiopedilum. A batch of test-tube plants have been successfully obtained and transplanted. According to the regulations of the International Association for Trade in Dangerous Species, import and export trade of all wild native species of Paphiopedilum is prohibited, while artificially propagated test-tube plants are not subject to this restriction. Therefore, aseptic sowing and propagation of Paphiopedilum can not only save the natural germplasm resources of Paphiopedilum in China, but also quickly obtain a large number of test-tube plants, providing excellent seedlings of Paphiopedilum in China for the international market, earning foreign exchange for the country, and making it possible for this precious orchid to enter thousands of households.

1. Materials and Methods

1.1 Variety materials: Paphiopedilum original species and hybrid species, etc. more than 10 kinds, 8-9 into mature seed pods and fully mature, seed shell after the rupture of dry seeds.

1. Disinfection and sterilization methods: According to different materials, disinfection methods are divided into two kinds.

① seed pod

Use sodium hypochlorite 10% solution as disinfectant. Because there are many fine hairs on the surface of seed pods, it is necessary to wash them continuously in disinfectant. After 5 minutes, wash them with sterile water for 4 times and dry them for use.

② Dry seeds after seed shell rupture

Shake the dried seeds with calcium hypochlorite 15% solution for 10 minutes and rinse 4 times with sterile water.

The seeds are sterilized and sown on culture medium in culture flasks. After seedling, take out the bottle seedlings from the bottle and wash them, soak them in disinfectant for 10 minutes, dry them slightly, plant them in plastic pots with good water permeability, and place them in cool and ventilated environment. After 2 weeks, normal watering and fertilization management can be started.

2. discussed

High germination rate and high survival rate of seedling transplantation are the keys to success in the aseptic sowing technology of Paphiopedilum. They are affected by the following key factors.

1.1 Effects of different varieties

The germination rate of Paph.wukhaklii was 95%, but that of Paph.nothschildianum was only 20 - 50%.

maturity of seeds.

It takes 6 months to 2 years for paphiopedilum seeds to mature, depending on the species. Some seeds are basically mature after 8 months of self-pollination, while some need 1-1.5 years to mature, it is best to pick 8-9 mature seed pods, at this time the seed shell has not cracked, easy sterilization success, and the seeds inside have basically matured, seed germination rate is high.

③ dark culture

The germination rate of seeds without dark culture was obviously lower or did not germinate.

④ Seedling culture of banana promotes root growth

In seedling culture, adding banana to the culture medium can greatly promote the root growth of test-tube seedlings, but without banana, the root number of test-tube seedlings is less, the growth potential of bottle seedlings is poor, and the survival rate of transplanting is reduced. In the medium with banana, some seedlings were 10cm long and robust, and the survival rate reached 100% after coming out of the bottle. (Mai Xiaoyan)