Plant virus and Orchid variation

Plant viruses infect orchids affect the growth of orchids. The damage of orchid plants to the virus has a variety of manifestations and morphological variations. Some variations such as dwarfing, various floral yellowing (albino strips, spots), deformities of tooth leaves, floral apparatus, and variation of flower color can increase the ornamental value of orchids, which are the dreams of orchids.

I. known orchid virus

It is reported that the plant viruses that infect orchids (including Cymbidium) at home and abroad are: orchid mosaic virus, orchid ringspot virus, orchid light mosaic virus, orchid ringspot virus, orchid mosaic virus, Dendrobium mosaic virus, tomato ringspot virus, cucumber mosaic virus and so on. A teacher once told me that it had been reported that the rhabdovirus of rice yellow dwarf disease could infect orchids.

Second, the expression of virus infecting orchids

"Ye Yilan" can appropriately increase light, control moisture, and increase the temperature of Peiqing, which can make the stripe more obvious. this is the experience of some Yilan people, and it is also circumstantial evidence that chimera orchid may be the formation of virus infection. Of course, the phenomenon of "leaf art" caused by medicament and radiation stimulation can not be ruled out here. The symptoms of Lan strain infected with the virus are as follows:

Yellow virus: Ye Yilan's Phnom Penh. Stripes and spots may be related to yellowing virus. Such as "Hou Ming", that is, lines or spots do not appear in the early stage, but lines and spots appear in the later stage, because the early temperature is lower and the growth rate of the virus is not as fast as that of the plant. In the later stage, the growth rate of plants slowed down, the growth of virus increased relatively, plants showed symptoms of virus damage, and yellow and white lines or patches appeared on the leaves. Gold and silver "edge", "stripe" and "spot", depending on the season and year, some new seedlings have, some are not, some are good, some are poor, some are, and some are not. It happens again every other year. Sometimes "gold to silver", that is, golden lines, the plaque will turn white, the reason should also be related to the increase in the number of viruses in the leaf tissue.

2. "Dharma" phenomenon, Dharma is a valuable variety of orchids in Fengmao, Taiwan and Hong Kong. This motorcycle has various types of leaf flower changes, which is its special charm. From the "green floor" Dharma seedlings to the cultivation of famous Dharma products with various types of leaf flowers, it is necessary to have conditions and technology. A Taiwanese orchid friend once said that he had this technology. We have also seen tens of thousands of yuan in Chengdu after the purchase of Damoqing floor seedlings returned because of not performing the green floor Damo seedlings.

Damoqing floor training to the art, is a "after-Ming" category, should be the course of viral disease. The technology may be condition control methods such as temperature increase and nutrition control. The plant virus that caused the yellowing and "artistry" of Damon is likely to be the pathogen of water yellow dwarf disease. This kind of virus can be transmitted by insect vectors such as leafhoppers. The plant system is poisonous, none. Note that reproduction (ramet) can spread. On the other hand, seeds cannot transmit poison.

3. Dwarf virus: various dwarf plant groups appear in some orchid species, which make orchid ornamental have a new field, and dwarf species sometimes appear strange flowers. Most of these dwarfs should be related to plant dwarf virus. Orchid dwarf species also have "walking dragons", that is, most of the leaves have dark stripes with longitudinal protuberances, which are consistent with the deformities caused by virus infection.

4. Tooth leaf virus:

At present, the "crystal" in Ye Yilan has received a lot of attention. Tooth edges are very rare. "Crystal" means that the tip of the orchid leaf is transparent. This phenomenon is similar to the tooth leaf phenomenon caused by tooth leaf virus and should be related to plant virus.

5. Deformities of flowers

The formation of petal flowers such as lotus, plum and daffodils and chrysanthemum petals (multi-petals), few petals, butterfly flowers and other vegetarian flowers may be related to orchid virus.

Japanese art orchids have confirmed that deformed flowers are related to high temperature.

It is found that strange flowers and plants are often in areas where human activities are more frequent, while orchids from sparsely populated mountains and old forests rarely appear.

The tips of plum and daffodil petals show anther, the calyx or petals of butterfly petals show lip petals, and multi-petals and few petals are deformed flowers. Suxin orchid is derived from ordinary orchids, which has been studied by Professor Yan Chujiang. Should also be abnormal color flowers. Abnormal color flowers are often rich in color and are loved by people. Has something to do with viral infection. Changing temperature and light. The horticultural characters of light, fertilizer, water and other conditions can be. There can be some changes.

6. Instability of characters.

Because the cultivation conditions are different, it is opened. There are great changes in flower shape and color, including some traditional famous flowers. Such as Ningmei, there is also a vegetarian heart, a scape on a different, the same shape of flowers, such as "ten brocade".

7. The weakening of vitality.

According to the data, the famous species of spring orchid lotus petal, Luyun, used to be very rare. The reason is to send a new seedling, basically to die an old seedling, it is difficult to multiply. It shows the weakness of variety vitality. And the green cloud leaves have multi-petal flowers.

Third, the misuse and utilization of orchid virus disease.

The diagnosis of plant virus disease should be determined by the combination of electron microscope, serum identification, artificial inoculation and so on. However, in view of the high cost of various orchids and the time-consuming and laborious identification procedures, in addition to some work done by the relevant departments and some achievements, efforts are still needed to understand the effects of all kinds of orchid viruses.

How to preliminarily judge whether orchids are attacked by virus?

1. Under the same cultivation conditions, it can be seen that an orchid is different from the usual orchid in shape and color, which can be considered as the result of virus infection after excluding pests and diseases caused by fungi and bacteria. the chance of modifying plant characters due to genetic changes is very small, but the possibility of virus infection is quite high.

2. If the change of orchid plant and orchid character increases the ornamental value, we should try to increase the degree of change. If it is the character change caused by virus infection, it can be regulated in the aspects of temperature, nutrition, moisture and light by controlling the growth rate of orchid plant while keeping the proliferation of virus unchanged. This should be the key to improve the grade of most Ye Yi and Hua Yilan.

3. Under certain conditions, the mechanism of the formation of precious orchid traits can be understood. If it is confirmed that it is caused by virus infection, artificial or vector inoculation can be used to make common orchid varieties more colorful. Excerpt from "Flower World Express" Wang Guoxing