Requirements of ecological environment

(1) temperature: the vast majority of cold orchids are distributed in the shady environment of broad-leaved trees in subtropical and temperate regions. Because its cell wall is thin and the stratum corneum is also thin, Hanlan likes a warm climate, afraid of heat and cold, especially afraid of a sharp drop in temperature after the Autumn Equinox, blowing dry northwest winds one after another, causing a large area of fallen leaves and dead seedlings. The temperature of cold orchid growing season is generally 18-28 ℃, the summer temperature is more than 30 ℃, and the daily average temperature in winter is lower than 10, then the growth is slow or enter the dormancy stage. When the temperature reaches 35 ℃, the orchid plant will appear pathological conditions such as scorched and curled leaves. A wind barrier should be set up to the northwest of the orchid shed after the Autumn Equinox.

(2) Illumination: cold orchids grow in a well-shaded environment and are typical shade-loving species in national orchids, but different types of cold orchids have different requirements for light hours and intensity. Winter cold orchid enters the period of flower bud differentiation in the period of strong sunshine and high temperature in late summer and early autumn. On the other hand, when the light in the early winter is getting shorter and the temperature tends to drop, it will enter the flowering period. The neutral cold orchid which blossoms in spring and autumn has higher physiological adaptability to the changing environment, which may be closely related to the living habits of its hybrid parents. Such as the cross between cold orchid and spring orchid, its offspring growth habits tend to spring orchid, its growth environment requires the same ecological environment as spring orchid. The growth environment of its offspring is the same as that of Qiulan in the cross between Hanlan and Qiulan.

The orchid nursery of cold orchid should imitate the native natural ecological environment, so that cold orchid grows in a shady environment that scatters sunlight. Using local materials in rural areas, it is ideal to use plant shading. At present, shading nets with different shading densities are generally used to adjust the light. The shade degree of Han Lan should reach 80% Rue 90% in summer and early autumn, especially if the manuscript is good. Bamboo curtains, Reed curtains and grass curtains that are easy to move can also be used in rural areas, which should be used according to the convenience of materials.

(3) moisture: cold orchid is easy to cause water imbalance in the body because the cell wall is thin and the stratum corneum is also thin, so it is required to grow in broad-leaved forests and mixed forests with large clouds and good drainage. Cold orchids like to be moisturized and afraid of excessive retention of water. The family generally uses Rain Water, river water and well water to irrigate cold orchids. Cities and towns raise orchids and use tap water. But it must be stored for several days before it can be used. The watering times vary with seasons and substrates: the rough and hard materials should be watered frequently in summer and autumn, water should be controlled in winter, and plant materials should be kept moist in other seasons. When the buds grow 1.5ml 2cm, it is time to grow new roots, watering must be careful at this time, otherwise cause rotten roots and dead buds. Watering time in addition to hot noon and cold at night is not suitable, other times of the day can be watered, but it is best at sunrise in the morning.

In short, to maintain the cold orchid root moist but not wet, dry but not dry, space humidity of the ecological environment.

(4) humidity: the reasonable adjustment and balance of humidity, temperature and light are necessary for photosynthesis. From the point of view of the cell structure of cold orchid leaves, higher air humidity is needed in order to show the elegant plant shape and elegant demeanor.

The cold orchid grows in the cloud and fog mountains at the middle altitude, and the ecological environment is humid. Therefore, when cultivating cold orchids, the humidity in the greenhouse should be kept at 50% to 60% in spring, 80% to 90% in summer and autumn, 30% to 40% in winter dormancy, and even lower at night.

In short, the humidity requirements of cold orchid are: high in growing season, low in dormancy season, high in day and low in night, high in high temperature, low in low temperature, high in sunny day and low in cloudy day.

(5) ventilation: cold orchid is ventilated on four sides in the natural environment, and the air around the rhizosphere is also ventilated. In particular, the cold orchid growing on the slope under the shade is basically one-way upward, and part of the root system is still exposed on the topsoil. Ventilation is to provide cold orchid fresh air, and absorb carbon dioxide and other free components, which are necessary for the metabolism of cold orchid. At the same time, ventilation can also eliminate the harmful gases of space pollution, adjust and lower the room temperature, and inhibit the growth and spread of bacteria.

There are two aspects of ventilation: one is to maintain the ventilation of the cold orchid itself, including the ventilation of the rhizosphere matrix, and the ventilation between the cold orchid plants; the other is the ventilation in the cultivated cold orchid shed, especially in the muggy summer, ventilation is more important.

(6) Fertilizer: in addition to organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, Hanlan also needs certain trace elements in order to get full nutrient supply. Care should be taken when applying fertilizer so as not to damage the roots and cause dead seedlings. The use of organic fertilizer should be fermented for several months and then extracted and diluted by 8 Mel and 10 times diluted by water or mixed with substrate. In the application of chemical fertilizer, different contents of chemical elements should be used according to the different growth stages of cold orchid, diluted according to the instructions and sprayed. The fertilization season generally starts from the middle of spring to the beginning of winter, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer or dissolved water are generally used in spring and winter, and the concentration and quantity depend on the seedling condition. Usually use Sichuan production "blue fungus king", potassium dihydrogen phosphate and trace elements foliar spraying. The concentration of application is carried out according to the mark.

The fertilization time is sunny and the temperature is suitable to avoid strong sunshine at noon and excessive temperature to harm orchids. The temperature is too low to absorb easily, wasting fertilizer.

(7) prevent air pollution: cold orchid needs fresh and clean air. If air pollution can cause poor growth, leaf surface corrosion, discoloration, or even necrosis, as well as early withering of flowers, yellow sepals, and serious death of the whole plant. The family raises orchids, which are often stained with smoke (oil) and dust, resulting in "white hair" and even scorched death at the tip of the leaf. First of all, it is necessary to prevent smoke (oil and gas invading the orchid shed, often pass through (row) the air in the shed, and spray shower orchids. Especially after the Beginning of Spring, it is necessary to clean the leaves of the orchid plant. Keep the leaf surface smooth, which is beneficial to photosynthesis and enhance the accumulation of organic matter. To ensure the supply of nutrients for the germination and growth of orchid buds. (Yang Jixin, Orchid Association of Wuyishan City, Fujian Province)