Study on the Establishment of Bionic Orchid domestication Garden

Imitating the growth environment of wild orchids, selecting suitable woodland microclimate conditions to establish orchid domestication garden, without shade shed or rain shelter, real estate orchids can survive the winter safely in the forest. it not only achieves the purpose of protecting wild orchid germplasm resources and rational development and utilization, but also saves 80% of the investment in Jianguo, and provides a new way for mountain farmers to save arable land and raise orchids to become rich.

Keywords wild orchid resources; bionic type; domestication garden

The original species of Chinese orchid has been listed as one of the endangered species in China. How to protect and reasonably develop and utilize wild orchid resources has become an urgent issue at present. In the spring of 1992, a "bionic orchid garden" was established in the Chinese fir woodland of Jiande Forestry Science Research Institute, with 325 potted orchids (mainly local wild orchids). "Bionic Orchid Garden" is characterized by the use of woodland microclimate conditions, one does not build a shade, two do not build rain shelter, real estate orchids overwinter in the forest. After 4 years of experimental study, the orchid grows healthily, and the annual average tillering rate is more than 50%. The scale of orchid garden is expanding year by year. By 1995, there were 1150 pots of orchids and about 20, 000 seedlings. And has domesticated and screened out the expected products of orchids: strange flower spring orchid, color flower spring orchid, line art spring orchid and other varieties. The first batch of 100 pots of ripe grass after domestication was put on the market abroad in June 1995, with initial results. Although the domestication cycle of wild orchids is relatively long (usually 3-5 years). But the orchid garden can now do it: a batch of wild orchids come out every year, and a batch of ripe grass is produced every year, which is beneficial year after year, and it has become a small orchid production base, and wild orchid resources can be fully developed and utilized. The report on the establishment of the park is as follows:

1. Selection of conditions for the establishment of a garden

Jiande City, which belongs to Hangzhou City, is located in the west of Zhejiang Province, the Xin'an River Basin in the middle and upper reaches of the Qiantang River system. With an area of 2329 square meters, the city is a hilly and mountainous area with eight mountains, one water and one sub-field. The climate belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate. The mountain area of the city is rich in wild orchid resources. In the investigation of orchid resources, it is observed that wild orchids growing in deep mountains and valleys have branches and leaves of trees to shield them from the sun, shade, wind and frost, and are surrounded by shrub vegetation, enjoying the microclimatic conditions of the woodland that are warm in winter and cool in summer. To survive and multiply. We believe that it is feasible to establish a bionic orchid domestication garden by selecting an environmental condition suitable for orchid growth according to the principle of bionics. In the spring of 1995, a strip Cunninghamia lanceolata woodland with a length of 67m and a width of 3.4m was selected from the 20hm2 mountain forest of the Forestry Institute of this city. The environmental conditions are as follows: the canopy density of artificial Chinese fir forest (afforestation in 1979) is 0.7-0.8, and scattered sunlight can enter the woodland; the slope faces east to the north, and the northwest wind is blocked by mountain ridges in winter; the slope is about 20 degrees, and the Orchid Garden is managed; the elevation is 50m above sea level, 800m away from the Xin'anjiang River, and there is no noise, dust and air pollution away from towns and factories. According to the local meteorological data, the annual average precipitation is 1500mm, the annual average temperature is 16.9 ℃, and the annual average relative humidity is 83%. Such environmental conditions are suitable for the growth of orchids.

2. Materials and methods of building a garden

The bionic orchid garden is built on the Chinese fir woodland, which is different from the ordinary orchid garden.

2.l reorganize the garden

The horizontal strip is opened on the slope of Cunninghamia lanceolata woodland, the bandwidth is about 30 inches (can put the orchid basin), the distance between the horizontal bands is generally about 50 inches (the management of Orchid Garden is the principle, depending on the location and topography of Cunninghamia lanceolata), the area of Orchid Garden is 227m square, a total of 10 people are used, and the labor cost is 200 yuan.

2.2 Blue Bowl

Put bricks on the horizontal strips and orchid pots on the bricks to facilitate the drainage of the basin holes. A total of more than 1000 bricks were purchased, totaling 200 yuan.

2.3 fixed-point collection of wild orchids

According to the survey data of orchid resources in the city, it is planned to collect wild orchids in batches and in batches every year, with a total of about 1000 clusters, with a cost of 1000 yuan.

2.4 preparation of orchid culture soil

Because the bionic Languo does not build a rain shelter, it is required to have good drainage and air permeability. The formula of self-made culture is sawdust, coarse sand and humus soil, which is suitable for the growth of orchids.

2.5 selecting orchid basin

1200 tile pots with good permeability are selected in orchid pots, and 1500 yuan is invested in cultivating soil and orchid pots.

2.6 Orchid Garden General tools

Sprinkler, sprayer, hoe, scissors, sieve, etc., with an investment of 300 yuan. The total investment in the construction of the park is 3200 yuan. In a word, the bionic orchid garden makes use of the microclimate conditions of woodland without shade shed and rain shelter, and the method of building the garden is simple and feasible, labor-saving and material-saving. Compared with the ordinary orchid garden with shade and rain shelter, the investment in the construction of the garden can be saved by 80% and 90%.

3. Management and characteristics of Bionic Orchid Garden

3.1 Management

The management of bionic orchid garden is easier than that of ordinary orchid garden, such as watering, which is usually watered once every 7-10 days in autumn drought season, but rarely in other seasons. The differences are:

3.1. Clean the litter of Cunninghamia lanceolata in time in spring, clean the garden once, and remove quicklime around the orchid garden for disinfection and deworming.

3.1 strengthen mildew prevention measures before the rainy season in February and June. Carbendazim, topiramate and other pesticides were sprayed twice.

3.3.The orchid pot loosens the soil to cultivate the soil in winter, does not make the orchid root exposed, and applies the overwintering phosphate fertilizer once to enhance the cold resistance of the orchid. Other management work, such as orchid flowerpot, pot division, spring fertilizer application, pest control, florescence observation, screening of expected products, etc., are carried out in accordance with conventional methods.

3. 2 characteristics

The practical observation of bionic Languo has the following characteristics.

3.2.1 No shade canopy. As the old proverb "summer is not the sun", orchids like to be cool and afraid of the scorching sun. The branches and leaves of Cunninghamia lanceolata forest in the park played a role in shading the sun and shade, and the canopy density of the woodland reached 0.7 ~ 0.8. Only part of the scattered sunlight entered the forest land, and there was no radiant heat on the ground. Therefore, in summer and autumn, the temperature in the forest is 2-3 ℃ lower than that outside the forest, and the relative humidity is 2% higher than that outside the forest, forming a cool microclimate, which is suitable for orchid growth.

3.2.2 No rain canopy. Potted orchids are afraid of stagnant water and rotten roots, although there is no rain shelter in the bionic orchid garden, but the branches and leaves of Cunninghamia lanceolata can prevent rainstorm and reduce the speed of rainfall. In addition, two manual measures have been taken: (1) the orchid basin is placed on the brick to ensure the smooth drainage of the basin hole. (2) adjust the formula of orchid culture soil to enhance the drainage and air permeability of orchid culture. In order to stop the rain without stagnant water, so it is feasible to have no rain shelter.

3.2.3 overwintering in real estate orchid forest. As the saying goes, "it's cold in winter, cold in the wind." Orchids like the breeze, afraid of the strong wind, more afraid of the winter northwest wind. The bionic orchid garden chooses the Chinese fir woodland with the slope facing east. first, it uses the ridge to block the northwest wind, which greatly weakens the wind, and the Chinese fir canopy acts as the second windbreak net. The trees, shrubs and vegetation on the woodland form a windbreak insulation layer, and the temperature in the forest in winter is 2 ℃ higher than that outside the forest. Warm in winter and cool in summer is where the microclimate of woodland is superior. For example, it is observed that the lowest temperature in last winter and this spring is January 10, the temperature outside the forest is-3 ℃, and the temperature in the forest is-1 ℃. Although the surface of the orchid basin freezes, it does not hurt the root of the orchid. As we all know, wild orchids have a certain adaptability to the local minimum temperature, coupled with artificial measures, orchid pot soil cultivation and fertilization before winter to enhance the cold resistance of orchids. Therefore, the real estate wild orchid can survive the winter safely in the bionic orchid garden (introduced orchids from other places, overwintering).

4. Evaluation and Analysis of Bionic Orchid Garden

4. L establish a bionic orchid garden, make use of the microclimate of woodland without shade shed and rain shelter, save the investment in the garden, the method is feasible, scientific and practical, and open up a new way for the development and utilization of wild orchid resources.

4.2 protecting the sustainable utilization of resources is a prerequisite for the development and utilization of all resources. At present, there is a phenomenon of indiscriminate mining of orchids and destruction of orchid germplasm resources, which has attracted great attention in the orchid community. It is an urgent task to protect orchid resources and achieve sustainable utilization. The establishment of bionic orchid garden, domesticated cooked grass put into the market into thousands of households, and the selected products can be further selected into new orchid varieties, can make full and rational use of orchid resources. It provides a new way to protect orchid germplasm resources and stop predatory overexploitation of orchid resources.

4.3 there are abundant wild orchid resources in mountain areas, and at the same time, there are more woodland conditions for choosing gardens in mountain areas, the experience of popularizing bionic orchid gardens, the development of orchid resources for mountain farmers and the establishment of small orchid production bases. It provides a new way to grow orchids and get rich.

4.4.The problems to be further discussed: ① bionic orchid garden is feasible as a means of domestication and screening of wild orchids, but whether the directional breeding of orchids can be carried out in China needs further observation and practice; ② Chinese fir woodland can be established, but other woodlands have no experience and need to be studied in the future. It is very important to choose the site for the establishment of the garden, otherwise the bionic characteristics will be lost. There are some shortcomings in the actual environmental conditions, and it is also desirable to take artificial measures to make up for it, in order to create more new experience.

reference

1. Shen Yuanru, Shen Yinchun, orchid Beijing: China Construction Industry Press, 1984

2. Wu Yingxiang Orchid Beijing: China Forestry Press, 1980

3. Liu Qingyong Orchid Guangzhou: Guangdong Tourism Press, 1991

4. Investigation and Research on Orchid Resources in Jiande City, Xu Huoliang et al. Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology, 1993

(Xu Huoliang, Zhejiang, Xia Genqing)