Comprehensive control of calamus disease in national orchid

1. Select disease-free seedlings

Because Fusarium parasites in the soil (pot material), bacteria are often attached to the root of the orchid plant. When the orchid plant is disassembled and divided, the pathogen invades from the incision orchid strain and causes the disease.

We often see in the orchid planting field that there are orchids sitting on gladiolus, and the disease is more serious after dividing plants. for example, 45 pots of sitting calamus were found in the 420 pots of Lunjiao Sanzhou Orchid Farm in 2003, and the rate of sitting calamus was 10.7%. In 2004, these seedlings were planted in 1000 pots, 128 pots of sitting gladiolus, and the rate of sitting calamus was 12.8%. And the orchid which originally did not sit on the gladiolus, rarely sat on the calamus disease after the split, it can be described as a clear distinction, unambiguous. In some new areas where orchid grass has never been planted before, after the introduction of a batch of orchids with sitting gladiolus, they suffer from the disease. Ten years ago, the disease was rarely seen in the mainland. Due to the rise of the orchid market, bluegrass is in circulation as an exchange commodity, spreading through plant materials, pots, seedlings, artificial carrying and other links. After planting, it is spread by the spatter of fertilization and watering, the stinging of insects, and human operation.

Before we buy orchid seedlings, we need to observe whether there has been calamus disease in the orchid nursery, and we need to purchase the seedlings in a healthy orchid nursery. If there is a large-scale plantation, it is best to establish a healthy seedling self-breeding and self-supply system, not to buy Baijia orchids. For example, the peach red orchid field in Shawan, Panyu, Guangzhou, with a single four-season orchid peach red, has grown to 500000 seedlings in 13 years, and there is no calamus disease in the whole field. Shunde Lunjiao Guo Genquan's balcony orchid nursery with 3 pots of peach red from breeding to 1500 pots, but also never seen sitting Gladiolus.

two。 Clean and disinfect the seedlings and use disposable plant pots.

When the bluegrass is planted, pull up the orchid plant, rinse it with clean water (tap water), remove the attached floating mud, leave it in a cool place for half a day, and then split. When ramets, break the connection between the two plants by hand, plant a small amount of orchid, use a brush to apply 70% topazine powder directly to the incision, such as a large number of bluegrass, spray the incision and root 500 times with 70% topiramate, dry for half a day before planting. This method of seedling disinfection can reduce the invasion of germs from incisions and wounds.

Old plant materials are all abandoned, do not use new and old materials mixed with orchids, so as not to cause the spread of germs. Pots should also be made of new, plastic 16-to-16 planting bags for each dime, which is not expensive. In order to fruit valuable pots are not willing to abandon, but also in the sun exposure for a period of time, and then disinfect with liquid medicine can be used.

3. Improve planting methods:

The main results are as follows: (1) changing orchid once a year to once every two years can not only reduce the infection of ramet incision, but also improve the resistance of orchid plant as a whole. Under the same cultivation conditions, according to the fixed-point survey in 2004, 958 orchids in two years, the rate of setting calamus was 3.34%, and 2036 pots of orchids were planted in one year, and the rate of sitting calamus was 7.12%.

(2) change single plant to bulk planting. In order to increase the multiplication, it is more hasty than wasteful to dismantle the orchid plant, as mentioned above.

(3) change from spring planting to autumn planting. As far as South China is concerned, orchids planted in September in autumn are easier to survive and less infected than those planted in spring in February and March. Due to the autumn temperature of about 25 ℃-28 ℃, the new orchid grows new roots in one month, and the new roots are laid before they are transferred to winter and spring. Rain Water spring soil basin soil is too wet, easy to breed bacteria to invade the incision to spread disease.

In particular, the reproduction rate and growth of Cymbidium planted in autumn are obviously better than those planted in spring. The Orchid Farm, which operates authentic products of ink orchids, has gradually shifted to autumn planting.

4. Improve fertilizer and water management

Do not drench too much water within a month after planting orchids, so as not to hurt the old roots, sprinkle water on the leaves, and keep the topsoil moist and dry. During the high incidence period of sitting gladiolus in May and June, it is not suitable for a large amount of watering and watering fertilizer, but also to sprinkle foliar water and foliar fertilizer to reduce the spatter spread disease of fertilizer and water.

Do not apply unripe organic fertilizer in winter and spring, it is most appropriate to use long-term fertilizer such as "Haokangduo" and "Austrian green manure", 3 grams per pot, fertilizer effect for half a year, slowly relieved and absorbed by plants.

We tested the application of enzyme bacteria in spring, 8 grams per pot, not only the growth of the blue plant is healthy, the leaf color is green, but also can reduce the disease. Enzyme bacteria contain more than 20 groups of beneficial bacteria, which may have inhibitory effect on harmful bacteria.

5. Improve the ecological environment and clean the Orchid Garden

Bluegrass likes a ventilated and humid environment, and the ancients thought ventilation was the most important thing. The periphery of the orchid shed should be ventilated 1 meter above the ground. From winter, spring to early summer in Guangdong, that is, from November to May of the following year, a 75% shading net is built to allow the orchid nursery to receive more light, which is not conducive to the accumulation and breeding of harmful substances and pests in a ventilated and transparent environment. A double-layer sunshade net is needed from June to October. Timely removal of plant remains in the orchid garden to reduce the epiphyte of bacteria, especially the discovery of diseased plants, it is necessary to immediately remove disinfection and reduce the source of infection. 100 jin / mu of cooked lime powder can be applied 1-2 times in spring, and the powder can be directly applied to the whole orchid garden. When the leaves and even trigeminal and orchid heads are attached with lime powder, it can play a role of disinfection and will not burn orchid leaves and orchid plants.

6. Apply appropriate pesticides

I have tried to control more than 20 kinds of pesticides, and the more effective ones are:

(1) Copper preparation 1RU 2RU 100 Bordeaux solution

(2) 70% topiramate 1purl 800 times

(3) Dasheng 1Ru 300 times

(4) 400 times of agricultural streptomycin.

The amount of liquid used for the above pesticides per mu is 300 jin, and they are sprayed 3 times per month from March to June.

According to reports in Taiwan, the use of Proch loraq-MN manganes (Poka Manganese) 1Ru has a special effect of 4000 times.

Some orchid fields were treated with Jinggangmycin (5/10000 times), sulfur water (5/10000 times) and sulfur suspension (400 times). The basin soil was irrigated before the disease, once a month twice a month.

Excerpt from the Treasure Book of Orchids by Hu Yingdong, Shunde, Guangdong