The function and expression of nutrient elements

There are about 16 kinds of nutrient elements necessary for plant growth, of which a large number of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen come from outside the air and water, and the rest are provided by the soil where plants grow. It can also be divided into: a large number of elements nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and medium elements calcium, magnesium, iron, sulfur and trace elements copper, boron, manganese, zinc, key, chlorine.

The nitrogen (N) supply is abundant and the growth is particularly luxuriant. In the upper part of the basin, the overall effect of plant growth is more obvious than that of the root, which can be seen at a glance. Especially in the early stage of growth, the new buds are stout, there are many leaves, the leaves contain more chlorophyll, the leaves are bright green, and the leaves have a long life; the second half of the period can also increase the protein content in the body, because nitrogen is the main component of proteins, nucleic acids, chlorophyll, vitamins, alkaloids and other substances. Plants will stop growing when they are short of nitrogen during the growing period. Nitrogen deficiency first appeared in the old leaves, and the nitrogen-containing substances in the old leaves were decomposed into simple substances, which were transferred to the young leaves and used to make the old leaves senescence ahead of time. However, nitrogen fertilizer should also be appropriate, too much stems and leaves grow, it is not easy to produce flowers, it is easy to cause rotten roots.

Phosphorus (P) is mainly involved in the process of material transformation and energy metabolism in plants, and plays an important role as an intermediate of photosynthesis, respiration and glucose metabolism. Phosphorus can promote the development and formation of reproductive organs, such as promoting flowering, having more buds, blooming well, and making the root system developed and sturdy. The deficiency of phosphorus supply and the hindrance of protein synthesis slow cell division and make it difficult to form new cells, so the symptoms of phosphorus deficiency are obvious in the early stage of new seedlings, such as slow growth, short plants, fewer buds, less buds and slow development. the root system of the plant is rusty, and the white root is less, the root is thin and short.

Potassium (K) can make the colloidal solution of protoplasm tend to flow strongly, and potassium can also improve the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by plants. Another prominent nutritional function of potassium is to participate in cellular osmotic regulation and control stomatal switches. Potassium can make leaves tall and straight, flower stalks firm, enhance disease resistance, and promote root growth. Lack of potassium, root damage is the most obvious, short and small, easy to early senescence, serious decay. The above "three elements" are introduced in order to master fertilization, but there is no shortage of medium and trace elements in the general soil, so they are not fertilized separately, so they will not be described in detail. (Jiangcheng, Zhejiang)