Correct use of pesticides

In the daily management of orchids, drug use is an important link, but because most orchid friends lack the basic knowledge of pesticides, here I would like to introduce a little common sense of medicine summed up in practice, hoping to be useful to Lanyou.

According to the comprehensive toxicity evaluation of pesticides (raw drugs) commonly used in agricultural production (acute oral toxicity, percutaneous toxicity, chronic toxicity, etc.), pesticides can be divided into three categories: high toxicity, moderate toxicity and low toxicity.

1. Highly toxic pesticides: there are 3911, Suhua 203, 1605, methyl 1605, 1059, fenitrothion, monocrotophos, phosphoramines, methamidophos, isopropyl phosphorus, trithiocarbamate, omethoate, zinc phosphide, aluminum phosphide, cyanide, furan, fluoroacetamide, arsenic, chlordimeform, Xilisheng, Sailisan, Kuangjing, chlorophenol, pentachlorophenol, dibromochloropropane, 401, etc.

2. Moderately toxic pesticides: fenitrothion, dimethoate, Daofengsan, parathion, imidophos, dermatophos, BHC, high C BHC, toxaphene, chlordane, DDT, carbaryl, propoxur, aldicarb, parathion, dichlorvos, pyrethroids, chlorpromazine, dichlorvos, pyrethroids, chlorpromazine, dichlorvos, 402, thiocarbamate, rice foot green, bacilli, Dyson, Dysen ring, 2 4-drop, oat enemy, poisonous chlor, etc.

3. Low toxic pesticides: trichlorfon, marathon, acephate, phoxim, triclofenac, carbendazim, thiophanate, benzoin, thiram, thiram, verapamil, aluminophosphate, chlorothalonil, herbicide, paspalum, atrazine, desachlor, latrazol, trimethoprim, 2-methyl-4-chloro, chloromelon, diuron, trifluron, bentazon, thatched grass, glyphosate, etc.

Highly toxic pesticides can cause poisoning or death as long as they are exposed to very small amounts. Although the toxicity of medium-and low-toxic pesticides is lower than that of high-toxic pesticides, they are exposed to more, and untimely rescue will also cause death. Therefore, the use of pesticides must pay attention to economy and safety.

First of all, I would like to talk about the identification of the quality of pesticides, which is a prerequisite for the effectiveness of use.

There are strict requirements for labels in pesticide registration, the label must be marked with the product name, pesticide registration certificate number, product standard number, production license number or production approval certificate number, as well as the effective ingredient, content, weight, product performance, toxicity, use, method of use, production date, term of validity, matters needing attention, logo belt and the name of the production enterprise, address, postal code, sub-packing unit. If there is a lack of one of these contents, the quality of the product should be questioned. For example, the wettable powder should be loose powder, no caking or particle feeling, no delamination of EC, uniform granule, uniform color and so on.

After buying back pesticides, we should pay attention to the following links in use:

When spraying with liquid agent, it is often necessary to mix or dilute the agent into an appropriate concentration with water. Too high concentration will cause drug damage and waste, while too low concentration will be ineffective. Some non-wettable or difficult to wetting powder, you should first add a little, the powder into a paste, and then add water to prepare, you can also add some wetting agents.

Spraying time

If the spraying time is too late, a large number of pathogens have invaded the host, and even the internal inhalation therapy has not gained much. The spraying should be protected in time according to the law of the disease and the situation at that time. The times of spraying are mainly determined according to the length of the residual period and meteorological conditions.

Spray amount should be appropriate, too little can not protect all parts of the plant, too much will waste or even cause drug damage, spray requires fine fog, spray evenly, all parts of the plant should be protected, including the front and back of the leaves should be sprayed.

Long-term use of a single agent (mainly internal inhalation fungicides) will lead to drug resistance of pathogens and invalidate the agents used. In order to avoid this problem, different types of agents can be used alternately, or a mixture of internal and traditional fungicides can be used.

Safe use

The instructions of the drug should be read carefully before use, and attention should be paid to the safe use of pesticides during spraying. Although some people may say that this is alarmist, most of the orchids are raised by families. Here, I would like to remind you that: those who are frail and sickly, those who suffer from skin and pesticide poisoning and other diseases have not yet recovered from health, women during lactation, pregnancy and menstruation. Do not spray or suspend spraying if the skin injury has not been healed. You are not allowed to take children to the homework site when spraying. Drug dispensers should wear anti-virus masks, long-sleeved shirts, trousers and shoes and socks when administering drugs. It is forbidden to smoke, drink or eat during the operation, do not wipe your mouth, face and eyes with your hands, and absolutely not spray and play with each other. Wash hands, face and mouth thoroughly with soap after drinking water, smoking and eating every day. Those who have the conditions should take a bath. If operators have symptoms such as headache, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, they should immediately leave the application site, remove contaminated clothes, gargle, scrub hands, face and skin, and send them to the hospital for treatment.

Storage method

The number of orchids raised by families is small, and a bottle (bag) of pesticides often takes a year, so we have to talk about storage. For pesticides that can not be used up, we must pay attention to its shelf life, and those that have reached the shelf life should not be stored again; pesticides must be put alone in the idle room, and do not throw them aside at will, especially not with food, because some liquid pesticides, if the bottle cap is not screwed tightly and easily volatilized, will pollute the food and cause food poisoning; pesticides must not be exposed to moisture and sunlight. Pesticides should be placed in a ventilated and dry place, liquid pesticides are easy to become solid precipitation failure after damp, powder pesticides gradually form blocks and deteriorate. The current temperature is still high, pesticides can not be exposed to the sun, exposure may cause explosion. Therefore, the storage of pesticides should not only protect against moisture and sun, but also tighten the inner and outer lid of the bottle to prevent volatilization.

At present, there are a lot of imported pesticides on the market. In order to make it easier for everyone to identify them, the symbolic meaning of them is briefly introduced as follows:

Water soluble solvent for SS-- seed treatment; LS-- seed treatment solution; FS-- seed dressing gel suspension; PS-- coated seed pesticide; AC-- water agent; OL-- oil agent; EC-- EC; DP-- powder; FO-- micro powder; WP-- wettable powder; SP-- soluble powder; SL-- concentrated solution; VC-- ultra low solubility liquid SV-- ultra-low solubility suspension; EO-- water emulsion in oil; EW-- oil emulsion in water; PC-- percentage concentration; WG-- water dispersible granule; MED-- minimum effective concentration; MAC-- maximum allowable effective dose; SC-- suspension; GR-- granule.

I hope this article can give orchid friends some inspiration, so that we can reasonable, safe and effective use of pesticides, so that their beloved orchids get sick less or even do not get sick, healthy growth. Extracted from "Orchid Treasure Dian" Shanghai Yu Junjie