Orchid cultivation: 24 solar terms and orchids

Orchid cultivation: 24 solar terms and orchids

The earth revolves around the sun every 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds, and rotates once every 24 hours. Because the orbital plane of the earth is not consistent with the equatorial plane, but maintains a certain tilt, the position of the sun shining directly to the earth is different all the year round. In the northern hemisphere, when the sun shines directly at 23.5 degrees north latitude, it is astronomically called the Summer Solstice; when the sun is directed at 23.5 degrees south latitude, it is called the Winter Solstice; the Summer Solstice and the Winter Solstice mean that they have reached the middle of summer and winter. When the sun shines directly on the equator twice in a year, they are the Spring Equinox and the Autumn Equinox, respectively, which is in the middle of spring and autumn, when the days are as long as nights. There are eight solar terms reflecting the changes of the four seasons: the Beginning of Spring, the Spring Equinox, the Beginning of Summer, the Summer Solstice, the Beginning of Autumn, the Autumn Equinox, the Beginning of Winter and the Winter Solstice. Among them, the Beginning of Spring, the Beginning of Summer, the Beginning of Autumn and the Beginning of Winter are called "Si Li", indicating the beginning of the four seasons. There are five solar terms reflecting temperature changes: Lesser Heat, Daidi, the End of Heat, Lesser Cold and Greater Cold. There are seven solar terms reflecting weather phenomena: Rain Water, Grain Rain, White Dew, Cold Dew, Frosts Descent, Lesser Snow and heavy snow. There are four solar terms that reflect the phenological phenomenon: stinging, Qingming Festival, Lesser Fullness of Grain and Grain in Beard.

The 24 solar terms are unique to China and are mainly aimed at agricultural production, so they also have universal practical significance for orchid cultivation. The following solar terms are introduced. As for the cultivation techniques of orchids in various solar terms, please express your own views and communicate with each other.

1. The Beginning of Spring

Since the Qin Dynasty, China has been taking the Beginning of Spring as the beginning of spring. The Beginning of Spring is divided from astronomy, but in nature and in people's minds, spring is warm, birds singing and flowers fragrant; spring is growing, ploughing and sowing. In climatology, spring refers to the period when the average temperature is 10 ℃ to 22 ℃. When it came to the Beginning of Spring, people obviously felt that the days were longer and the sun was warmer. Temperature, sunshine and rainfall are often at the turning point of the year and tend to rise or increase. The growth of spring crops is accelerated, and the water consumption of rape bolting and wheat jointing increases, so topdressing should be irrigated in time to promote growth. The peasant proverb reminds people: "when the Beginning of Spring and Rain Water arrive, he gets up early and goes to bed late." Spring ploughing also begins. Although it is spring, frosts still appear in most parts of the basin, and in a few years there will be a scene of "snow is too late for spring, so wear courtyard trees as flying flowers." These climatic characteristics should be taken into account when arranging agricultural production. Where is the information that people often like to look for spring? The bud protruding from the wicker is "softer than gold and softer than silk"; the eager grass in the soil is waiting for "spring breeze to still flourish"; and people who work hard in the fields for a new harvest are creating a real spring with their hands.

For the orchids in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, the orchids in this period are still in the vernalization stage. Pay attention to keeping the temperature above zero (the lowest temperature at night is above zero and the maximum temperature during the day is below 12-15 degrees), basically without watering, or slightly wetting along the edge of the basin. Don't let the north wind blow bluegrass.

2. Rain Water

The meaning of Rain Water's solar terms is that the rain begins and the rainfall increases gradually. in the Yellow River basin, the birthplace of 24 solar terms, the weather was cold before Rain Water, but he saw snowflakes flying and the sound of rain was hard to hear. After Rain Water, the temperature can generally rise above 0 ℃, with less snow and more rain. But in the warm Sichuan Basin, rain is not uncommon even in the depths of winter. During this period of time, the average temperature in the basin of our province is more than 10 ℃, peaches and plums are in bud and cherry blossoms are in bloom, so as to enter the spring on the climate. Except for a few years, the frost period has come to an end. It is the right time to graft fruit trees and plant trees. After the dry winter in the basin, there has been a perennial spring drought, especially in the western part of the basin, where spring rain is as expensive as oil. In agriculture, attention should be paid to soil moisture conservation and timely watering to meet the water supply in the critical period of jointing and booting of wheat and bolting and flowering of rape. The mountainous area of West Sichuan Plateau is still in the dry season, with low air temperature and high wind speed, which is prone to forest fire. In addition, the cold wave can cause strong cooling and snowstorm, which do great harm to the old, weak and young animals. All these, we should pay special attention to prevention. Time flies, the seasons urge people, "the plan of the year lies in spring." Both the management of Xiaochun and the preparation of ploughing in Dachun should be carried out as soon as possible, so as to strive for this year to outperform previous years.

For Lanyou in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, there will be some rain or sleet during this period of time, but also pay attention to keep warm. Due to the gradual rise of the temperature, 30% water can be poured along the edge of the basin (limited to no water coming out of the basin bottom). Due to the unstable climate and cold air to the south, bluegrass can not be allowed to leave the room for the night. Note: bud pulling stem, do not fertilize.

Third, startle the sting

The startled sting, which reflects the natural phenological phenomenon, means that spring thunder suddenly wakes up the hibernating animals in the soil. At this time, the temperature rebounded rapidly, and spring thunder gradually appeared in most areas of the Yangtze River basin. In the western basin and the southern part of Liangshan Prefecture, the first sound of spring thunder can also be heard in Rain Water and sting all the year round, while in the northwest of the basin, except for a few years, there is generally no thunder until Qingming Festival. In the wake of the sting, most parts of our country have entered the busy season of spring ploughing. Really: the season waits for no man, and a moment is worth thousands of dollars. The average temperature of stinging solar terms in the basin of our province is generally 12 ℃ to 14 ℃, which is more than 3 ℃ higher than that of Rain Water, which is the fastest solar term in the whole year. The number of sunshine hours also increased significantly. However, due to the alternation of cold and warm air, the weather is unstable and the temperature fluctuates greatly. In the Yangtze River valley in the southeastern part of the basin, the temperature is stable above 12 ℃ in most years, which is beneficial to the sowing of rice and corn. In other areas, there is often a low temperature weather with a daily average temperature of less than 12 ℃ for more than 3 days, so we should not sow early blindly. Although the temperature rises rapidly, the increase in rainfall is limited. The total rainfall during the stinging period in the central and northwestern part of the basin is only about 10 mm, and spring drought often begins to emerge after the year-round winter drought. At this time, wheat booting and rape flowering are in the period of more water demand, and they are sensitive to water requirements, and spring drought often becomes an important factor affecting the yield of Xiaochun. Afforestation should also take into account this climatic characteristics, after planting should be diligent watering, efforts to improve the survival rate of seedlings. In the stinging season, spring is bright and everything is renewed. Through careful observation and accumulation of phenological knowledge, it will be helpful to arrange agricultural activities according to local conditions.

It is known from the agricultural proverb that "when there is a sound of stinging thunder, snakes and insects crawl out", bluegrass can not leave the room even though it is full of spring. Choose a clear and windless day to spray insecticide (pay attention to the concentration). Note: bluegrass can not be fertilized without leaving the room. If you fertilize the orchid leaves, there must be a coke tip. When the spring orchid blossoms, it should be cut off in time, and pay attention to the water control on the bud of the cymbidium (do not drench on the bud, leaf center).

4. The Spring Equinox

The Spring Equinox is one of the solar terms that reflect the changes of the four seasons. In ancient China, it is customary to express the beginning of the four seasons with the Beginning of Spring, the Beginning of Summer, the Beginning of Autumn and the Beginning of Winter. The Spring Equinox, the Summer Solstice, the Autumn Equinox and the Winter Solstice are in the middle of each season. The Spring Equinox, on this day, the sun shines directly on the equator, and the time of day and night is equal in all parts of the earth, so in ancient times the Spring Equinox and the Autumn Equinox are also known as "day and night". There is a folk proverb "the Spring Equinox and the Autumn Equinox, day and night are equally divided". After the Spring Equinox, overwintering crops in most parts of China entered the spring growth stage. There is a peasant proverb in central China that "the Spring Equinox wheat gets up and a moment is worth thousands of dollars". Temperatures in various parts of our country continue to rise, but generally not as fast as the period from Rain Water to the Spring Equinox. The mean temperature in late March is 13 ℃ to 15 ℃ in the northern part of the basin and 15 ℃ to 16 ℃ in the southern part of the basin. Most of the plateau has melted snow and ice, and the ten-day average temperature is about 5 ℃ to 10 ℃. The temperature in the Jinsha River, Anning River and other river valleys in southwest China is the highest, with an average of about 18 ℃ to 20 ℃. In addition to the marginal mountain areas in the basin, the average daily average temperature has risen steadily to more than 12 ℃ in seven or eight years, which is beneficial to the sowing of rice, corn and other crops, and afforestation is also very suitable. However, there is often a strong cold air intrusion in the basin before and after the Spring Equinox, and the temperature drops significantly, and the minimum temperature can be as low as 5 ℃. Sometimes there are small streams of cold air coming one after another, resulting in low temperature and rain for several days, which is disadvantageous to agricultural production. According to this characteristic, we should make full use of the weather forecast and grasp the cold tail and warm head to sow seeds in time.

Although the Spring Equinox is literally half past spring, in fact, spring has just begun for the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, and occasionally there is a "sudden heat" with a cold snap, which is the time when the temperature is the most unstable. Therefore, bluegrass still does not come out of the house (you can bask in the sun under the eaves in the morning) to spray the unsprayed bluegrass to remove insects and wash leaves (pay attention to not too much water, it must be drained before nightfall) without fertilization.

5. Qingming Festival

Qingming Festival is a solar term symbolizing phenology, which means sunny weather and luxuriant vegetation. On Qingming Festival, there are folk customs such as outing, cold food, tomb-sweeping and so on. As the saying goes, "the Qingming Festival breaks the snow, Grain Rain breaks the frost." When it comes to Qingming Festival, the climate of the basin is warm and spring is strong. However, before and after the Qingming Festival, cold air still invaded, and even made the daily average temperature lower than 12 ℃ for more than 3 days, resulting in rotten seedlings of middle rice and dead seedlings of early rice, so rice sowing and planting should avoid warm tail and cold head. In the western Sichuan plateau, livestock have weak resistance due to the influence of severe winter and insufficient forage, so it is necessary to strictly guard against the harm of strong cooling weather after the beginning of spring to the old, weak and young animals. "catching up with the drizzle during the Qingming Festival" is a portrayal of the spring rain in the south of the Yangtze River by du Mu, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. But as far as Sichuan is concerned, this is not the case. In particular, the western part of the basin is often in the period of spring drought, and the rainfall in the first ten days of April is generally only 10 to 20 millimeters, which is less than half of that in the south of the Yangtze River. Although there is more spring rain in the eastern part of the basin, the rainfall in the first ten days of April is generally only 20 to 40 millimeters. Natural precipitation is also insufficient for agricultural production and needs to be replenished by water storage before the year. In addition, April is the month with the most hail in Liangshan Prefecture, so we should strengthen our defense against hail disasters.

Qingming Festival, Qingming Festival and Qingming Festival, the weather began to warm up. Spring has entered in the south of the Yangtze River, and there is still a cold spell in the Huang-Huai River Basin. Bluegrass began to sprout. Note: budding grass can be watered, but unsprouted grass is still moist. No fertilizer.

Grain Rain

As the saying goes, "Rain gives birth to a hundred grains". With sufficient and timely rainfall, cereal crops can thrive. Grain Rain's solar terms have such a meaning. In the Sichuan Basin in Grain Rain's season, "the poplar flowers fall to the end of the regular cry", the catkins fall, the cuckoo cries at night, the peony spits, the cherry is ripe, and the natural scenery warns people that it is late spring. At this time, the temperature in the basin rises rapidly, and the average temperature in late April has reached 20 ℃ to 22 ℃, which is more than 2 ℃ higher than that in the middle of the basin, except in the northern and western parts of the basin. The eastern part of the basin often has a high temperature of more than 30 in one or two days, which makes people feel hot. Southwest Sichuan low-altitude valley belt industry to enter the summer. The climatic characteristics of high temperature in spring in the basin are beneficial to catch early in the cultivation measures of spring crops. The suitable temperature for planting red carp is 18 ℃ to 22 ℃, which can be satisfied at this time. The experience of the old arid area of the basin has proved that planting red peel early after Grain Rain can seal the rattan leaves before the summer drought, enhance the ability of drought resistance, and obtain high and stable yield. Rain Water is relatively abundant in the eastern part of the basin of our province at this time, and the annual rainfall is about 30 to 50 mm in late April. The first heavy rain generally occurs during this period of time, which is beneficial to rice planting and the growth of corn and cotton at seedling stage. However, most of the rest of the basin Rain Water is less than 30mm, and irrigation measures are needed to mitigate the effects of drought. Western Sichuan plateau mountains, still in the dry season, the precipitation is generally only 5 to 20 mm. The rainfall before and after Grain Rain in the basin often "moistens everything silently as the spring breeze sneaks into the night", because "Bashan Night Rain" has the most opportunities in April and May. "the sky in Shu often rains at night, and the river sill is clear." this kind of rainy and sunny weather at night is quite suitable for the growth of spring crops and the harvest of spring crops.

Spring is really coming, and bluegrass has been working hard for a long time. Last year, the nutrition in the potted soil was not enough to meet the needs of orchid seedlings. Light nitrogen fertilizer can be applied for the first time. (1) promoting Su fertilizer)

Grain Rain

As the saying goes, "Rain gives birth to a hundred grains". With sufficient and timely rainfall, cereal crops can thrive. Grain Rain's solar terms have such a meaning. In the Sichuan Basin in Grain Rain's season, "the poplar flowers fall to the end of the regular cry", the catkins fall, the cuckoo cries at night, the peony spits, the cherry is ripe, and the natural scenery warns people that it is late spring. At this time, the temperature in the basin rises rapidly, and the average temperature in late April has reached 20 ℃ to 22 ℃, which is more than 2 ℃ higher than that in the middle of the basin, except in the northern and western parts of the basin. The eastern part of the basin often has a high temperature of more than 30 in one or two days, which makes people feel hot. Southwest Sichuan low-altitude valley belt industry to enter the summer. The climatic characteristics of high temperature in spring in the basin are beneficial to catch early in the cultivation measures of spring crops. The suitable temperature for planting red carp is 18 ℃ to 22 ℃, which can be satisfied at this time. The experience of the old arid area of the basin has proved that planting red peel early after Grain Rain can seal the rattan leaves before the summer drought, enhance the ability of drought resistance, and obtain high and stable yield. Rain Water is relatively abundant in the eastern part of the basin of our province at this time, and the annual rainfall is about 30 to 50 mm in late April. The first heavy rain generally occurs during this period of time, which is beneficial to rice planting and the growth of corn and cotton at seedling stage. However, most of the rest of the basin Rain Water is less than 30mm, and irrigation measures are needed to mitigate the effects of drought. Western Sichuan plateau mountains, still in the dry season, the precipitation is generally only 5 to 20 mm. The rainfall before and after Grain Rain in the basin often "moistens everything silently as the spring breeze sneaks into the night", because "Bashan Night Rain" has the most opportunities in April and May. "the sky in Shu often rains at night, and the river sill is clear." this kind of rainy and sunny weather at night is quite suitable for the growth of spring crops and the harvest of spring crops.

Bluegrass grows vigorously, and bacteria and insects begin to exuberant. Spray disinfection and insecticide for the second time this year. A week later, the second bud promoting fertilizer was applied to make the new buds germinate as much as possible.

Lesser Fullness of Grain

Most of the 24 solar terms can be as their name implies, but Lesser Fullness of Grain is somewhat puzzling. It turns out that Lesser Fullness of Grain refers to the milking of summer crops such as wheat, and the grains begin to be full. The agricultural proverb in Sichuan Basin gives Lesser Fullness of Grain a new meaning: "when a little man is dissatisfied, he breaks his mind"; "if he is full of discontent, Grain in Beard does not care". The word "Man" is used to describe the surplus and shortage of Rain Water, pointing out that if the field is not filled with water when Lesser Fullness of Grain, it may cause the field to dry and crack, and even Grain in Beard will not be able to plant rice. Because "Li Xia Xiaoman is planting rice seedlings", "rice seedlings are running to small valleys and running to autumn", Lesser Fullness of Grain is the right season for rice planting. Whether the summer drought in the basin is serious or not is directly related to the planting area of rice, and sooner or later, it is closely related to the per unit yield of rice. In the central and western parts of the basin, there are often winter and spring droughts, and heavy rain comes late. in some years, heavy rain does not come until June, or even as late as July at the latest. In addition, the annual rainfall of Lesser Fullness of Grain's solar terms is not much, with an average of only about 40 mm, and the natural rainfall can not meet the water demand for planting seedlings, which makes the summer drought in the middle of the basin where there is a lack of water more serious. As the saying goes, "storing water is like storing grain" and "preserving water is like preserving grain". In order to resist drought, in addition to improving farming and cultivation measures and speeding up afforestation, special attention should be paid to the work of water storage and water conservation in the first year. However, we should also pay attention to the impact of continuous overcast and rainy weather on the harvest of spring crops. In the plateau mountain area of western Sichuan, most of them have entered the rainy season, and the crops are growing vigorously and flourishing. The orchid cymbidium has failed, and the vigorous grass and diseased seedlings can be turned over and transplanted. The new grass is already half-tall, and the third fertilizer (root-promoting fertilizer) is applied, and the root-promoting fertilizer is mainly phosphorus and potassium, which promotes the rooting of new seedlings.

Grain in Beard

Grain in Beard symbolizes the maturity of awned crops such as wheat and is a solar term reflecting the phenological phenomenon of agriculture. When it comes to Grain in Beard, the wheat harvest season in Sichuan Basin is over, and the transplanting of medium rice and red mackerel is coming to an end. In most areas, medium rice has entered the stage of turning green, and the seedlings are green and full of vitality. The poem "the east wind dyed three thousand hectares and the folded heron flew nowhere to stop" vividly depicts the beautiful scenery of the field at this time. When it comes to Grain in Beard's season, the medium rice that has not yet been transplanted in the basin should be planted as soon as possible; if it is further postponed, the vegetative growth period of rice will be shortened because of the increase in temperature, and the growth stage will be vulnerable to drought and diseases and insect pests, so the yield will certainly not be high. The transplanting of red mackerel should be ahead of the Summer Solstice at the latest; if it is planted too late, not only the effect of drought will be aggravated, but also the temperature will drop when autumn comes, which is not conducive to the expansion of potato lumps, and the yield will be significantly reduced. This is the reason for the agricultural proverb "Grain in Beard is busy with success".

The weather is sunny and sunshade is needed at first. Watering can be sprayed, irrigated, soaked and drenched, but it must be drained before cooling at night. (depending on the amount of water fixed by the plant material). Pay attention to protection against rain and insects. Try to get as much ventilation as possible.

The Summer Solstice

The Summer Solstice, on this day, the sun shines directly on the Tropic of Cancer, which is the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere. Most parts of Sichuan spend about 14 hours from sunrise to sunset. The Summer Solstice, although the day is the longest and the sun's altitude angle is the highest, it is not the hottest time of the year. Because, the heat near the ground continues to accumulate at this time, and has not reached the maximum. After the Summer Solstice, agricultural production in the basin of our province entered the period of field management due to the exuberant growth of crops and the rapid growth and spread of weeds, diseases and pests, while the plateau pastoral areas began the golden season of flourishing grass and livestock. At this time, the rainfall in the western part of the basin increased significantly, which gradually changed the distribution situation of more rainfall in the east and less in the west to less in the west and east since the beginning of spring. If there is a summer drought, it is usually expected to be relieved at this time. In the past 30 years, the number of large-scale flooding in the western part of the basin in late June is small, but the degree is relatively serious. Therefore, special attention should be paid to preparing for flood control. The Summer Solstice's solar terms are the ones with the most rainfall in the eastern part of the basin. Since then, they are often controlled by subtropical high, resulting in summer drought. In order to enhance the ability to resist drought and seize a bumper agricultural harvest, Rain Water is an important measure in these areas. After the Summer Solstice, the ground is heated strongly and the air convection is exuberant, which is often easy to form thundershowers from afternoon to evening. This kind of hot thunderstorm comes and goes suddenly, the rainfall range is small, people call it "summer rain barrier". In Sichuan, Liu Yuxi, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, skillfully wrote the famous poem "Sunrise in the east and rain in the west, but there is no sunny but sunny" in Sichuan. Ventilation is the first priority. Into the summer, shading, ventilation, water fog measures go hand in hand, pay attention everywhere. The application of full-price fertilizer (promoting fertilizer) helps spring buds to form seedlings, autumn buds and flower buds. Fertilizer should be light and can be fertilized and watered in the early morning and evening.

Lesser Heat

Green trees shade from time to time to Lesser Heat. The average temperature of Lesser Heat in Sichuan Basin is about 26 ℃. It is already midsummer and feels quite hot, but it is not yet the hottest time. In the middle of July, there can be a concentrated period in which the daily average temperature is higher than 30 ℃ and the daily maximum temperature is higher than 35 ℃, which is disadvantageous to hybrid rice heading and flowering. In addition to fully considering this factor in the layout in advance, corresponding remedial measures should be taken for those who have been planted. In the northern part of the western Sichuan plateau, frost and snow can still be seen at this time, which is equivalent to the scene of the basin in early spring. Before and after Lesser Heat, the western part of the basin entered the most rainstorm season, and the number of rainstorm days in July and August could account for more than 75% of the whole year, usually about 3 days. In places with large ups and downs, mountain torrents often break out and even cause landslides. However, in the eastern part of the basin, Lesser Heat began to enter the summer drought period because he was often controlled by subtropical high and sunny and hot weather. The climatic characteristics of drought in the east and waterlogging in the west in the basin of our province have a lot to do with agricultural abundance and drought, so measures for drought resistance and flood control must be taken as soon as possible to reduce the harm as far as possible. Before and after Lesser Heat, all parts of our province entered the season with the most thunderstorms. Thunderstorm is a severe weather phenomenon, often accompanied by strong winds and torrential rain, and sometimes hail, which is easy to cause disasters, so we should also pay attention to prevention.

In the heat of summer, ventilation and cooling are the first priority. When you see it dry, water it thoroughly. No fertilizer.

Greater Heat

Summer heat means hot. It shows that it is the hottest solar term of the year. Generally speaking, Greater Heat solar terms are the period of the most sunshine and the highest temperature in the basin, the most abundant period of Rain Water in the western part of the basin, the most common thunderstorm, the most concentrated number of high temperature days above 30 ℃, and the most frequent period of high temperature above 35 ℃ in the eastern part of the basin. The high temperature before and after Greater Heat is the performance of normal climate, because the higher temperature is beneficial to the flowering and filling of spring crops, but if the temperature is too high, the growth of crops is inhibited and the seed setting rate of rice decreases obviously. After the ambush in the western part of the basin, light, heat and water are all in the peak period of one year, and they promote each other to form good climatic conditions for the growth of spring crops, but we need to pay attention to flood control and drainage. At this time, the long sunshine of high temperature in the eastern part of the basin is often accompanied by less rain, which will not only limit the advantage of light and heat, but also aggravate the adverse effects of summer drought on spring crops. In order to resist the summer drought, in addition to paying attention to water storage in the early stage, crop cultivation measures should be improved according to the climatic characteristics of the eastern part of the basin, based on "early", in order to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages. The hot Greater Heat is the season when jasmine and lotus are in full bloom. The jasmine is sweet and fragrant. The hotter the weather, the stronger the fragrance, giving people a clean and fragrant enjoyment. The noble lotus, not afraid of the scorching sun and showers, blossoms in the morning and dusk, and the poet praises it as "the lotus is particularly bright red in the sun". The vibrant summer is giving birth to a bumper harvest.

It's muggy, so pay attention to ventilation. Occasionally there is a thunderstorm, it is better to get drenched less. Office workers can put bluegrass inside and ventilate it with a fan. Bluegrass enters high-temperature dormancy, less watering (controlling water to refine grass) and no fertilization (fertilizer must be scorched).

The Beginning of Autumn

"the cool breeze on the day of the Beginning of Autumn" clearly connects the Beginning of Autumn with the cool sky. It can be seen that the Beginning of Autumn is the beginning of a cool autumn. Because of the difference in latitude and altitude, it is impossible to enter autumn on the Beginning of Autumn's day at the same time. According to the climatological standard that the average temperature of pentad (5 days) is between 10 ℃ and 22 ℃, except for those places with northern latitudes and high elevations, the Beginning of Autumn is still in hot summer, even in most parts of Northeast China, the autumn scenery with cool breeze and yellow leaves can not be seen. For the Sichuan Basin, which is located in the middle subtropics, the summer weather in August is still heavy. The statistics of climatic data show that the basin does not enter autumn until the middle and last ten days of September; in the plateau and alpine areas where winter is all winter or winter has no summer and spring and autumn is connected, it is impossible to say when autumn begins. After the Beginning of Autumn, late rice jointing and booting, cotton boll cracking and boll opening, the field management should not be relaxed; medium rice and summer corn entered the grain filling mature stage, it is necessary to guard against the harm of hail, strong wind and torrential rain. The eastern and western parts of the basin should continue to do a good job in drought resistance and flood control, respectively. Although the basin behind the Beginning of Autumn is still in the middle of summer, "the Beginning of Autumn is yellow all over the world for ten days" and a golden "autumn" is coming.

The autumn sun is like fire, pay attention to strong shading. If the watering is changed to night, it must be drained before dawn. Leave no drops of water on the leaves before the sun comes out, otherwise it is easy to get dark spots. Watering more, not fertilizing.

The End of Heat

The End of Heat is a solar term that reflects the change of temperature. "place" means to hide and stop. "the End of Heat" means that the hot summer day is over. The average temperature is generally about 1.5 ℃ lower than that of the Beginning of Autumn. In some years, in late August, there may be a low temperature of less than 23 ℃ for more than 3 consecutive days, which affects the flowering of hybrid rice. However, because the End of Heat is still basically controlled by the summer monsoon, there are often weather with a maximum temperature of more than 30 ℃ in the west and 35 ℃ in the east. In particular, in the low-altitude areas along the Yangtze River, in the years of summer drought, they feel the afterpower of "autumn tigers." The western Sichuan plateau has entered the End of Heat with a strong sense of autumn, with an early winter scene above 3500 meters above sea level, with forage grass gradually withering and frost and snow increasing. The End of Heat is the early stage of the transformation of the basin rainfall distribution from more in the west to less in the east to less in the east. At this time, the rainfall in the middle of the basin is often the second highest in a year, more than when Greater Heat or White Dew. Therefore, in order to ensure the water use of farmland in winter and spring, we must seriously do a good job of water storage during this period of time. There will be continuous overcast and rainy weather from the End of Heat to the Autumn Equinox on the plateau, which is disadvantageous to the production of land, agriculture and animal husbandry. At this time, the basin of our province is also a busy time to harvest middle rice. In general, the End of Heat solar terms, the basin sunshine is still relatively sufficient, except in the western part of the basin, there are not many rainy days, which is conducive to mid-rice cutting and cotton boll opening. However, in a few years, as du Shi said, "the three seasons have passed and the scorching sun has turned into showers." the autumn rain will come ahead of schedule. Therefore, we should pay special attention to the weather forecast, make full preparations, seize every fine weather, and seize the opportunity to do a good job in harvesting and drying.

Sunshade and sunscreen. Water can not be broken (water fog, water tank), rain-proof, not in the continuous autumn rain. The application of phosphorus-based flower-aid fertilizer can promote the early initiation of flower buds.

White Dew

Dew is a drop of water formed by the condensation of water vapor on the ground or near-earth objects due to a drop in temperature. Therefore, White Dew actually indicates that the weather has turned cooler. In the climate of 24 solar terms, White Dew has the obvious characteristics of a rapid drop in temperature, the beginning of continuous rain and a sharp decrease in sunshine, which profoundly reflects the seasonal transition from summer to autumn. The average temperature during the perennial period of White Dew is about 3 ℃ lower than that of the End of Heat, and the average temperature of pentad (5 days) in most areas has dropped below 22 ℃. According to the standard of climatological division of the four seasons, the time sequence begins to enter autumn. The autumn rain in the basin mostly occurred before White Dew to Frosts Descent, most in the middle and lower reaches of the Minjiang River and Qingyi River, and relatively less in the central part of the basin. Although the peasant proverb "overuse White Dew and walk away every day" cannot make a weather forecast based on whether there is Rain Water on White Dew's day, it is true that there is often a period of continuous rain before and after the White dew Festival; moreover, since then, most of the rainfall in the basin has the characteristics of low intensity, more rainy days and continuous rain. Accordingly, during the period of White Dew, the sunshine in the basin decreased by about half compared with the End of Heat, and the decreasing trend continued until winter. The above-mentioned climatic characteristics of White Dew's season are disadvantageous to the heading and blooming of late rice and the explosion of cotton peaches, and also affect the harvest and drying of middle rice, so there is a saying in the agricultural proverb that "White Dew's weather is fine and the grain is as white as silver." Only by fully understanding the climate characteristics of White Dew and taking corresponding agrotechnical measures can we reduce or avoid the harm of autumn rain. On the other hand, we should also take advantage of the rain to store water, especially White Dew in the east is another solar term with more rainfall after Lesser Fullness of Grain and the Summer Solstice, let alone miss a good opportunity.

The summer heat is fading away, but the autumn is still poisonous. Pay attention to sunshade. Watering at dusk. Nitrogen fertilizer is prohibited after autumn (otherwise the scorched and rotten leaves will get out of hand).

The Autumn Equinox

The Autumn Equinox is a solar term characterized by seasonal changes. The Autumn Equinox on this day, the sun is located in the yellow longitude 180 degrees, the sun almost directly shines on the equator, day and night are almost the same length. At this time, the waiting temperature in Sichuan Basin generally dropped below 22 ℃, entering a cool autumn. "an autumn rain and a cold". The cold air moving south meets the gradually attenuating warm and humid air, resulting in a series of rain and a drop in temperature. In the northern part of the western Sichuan plateau, the daily minimum temperature dropped below 0 ℃, and the magnificent snow scene covered with snow and silver can be seen. After the Autumn Equinox, the rainfall in our province decreased obviously, and rainstorms and heavy rains were generally rare; however, the number of rain days increased, often with continuous rain, and the rate of rain at night was also relatively high. The famous sentence of Li Shangyin, a famous poet of the Tang Dynasty, "it is raining heavily in Bashan tonight, Rain Water rises all over the autumn pool" vividly describes the climatic characteristics of many nights of rain in autumn in Sichuan. There is a lot of continuous rain in autumn in the basin of our province and Liangshan prefecture, and the wet damage is serious, which has a great impact on autumn harvest, autumn ploughing and autumn planting. It is necessary to seize the sunny harvest, rationalize the soil moisture and prevent stains, and do a good job in the quality and progress of the "three Autumn" production. At the same time, we should also make full use of the meteorological conditions of cloudy and rainy autumn and better soil moisture, seize the opportunity to plant trees and strive to improve the survival rate of saplings.

Autumn is high and crisp, and one year's achievements (seedling rate) are already in front of us. Flower buds are also drilled out of the basin back and forth. It can be properly soothed. Water it sooner or later, if you don't do it, it will be thoroughly watered.

Cold Dew

In ancient times, dew was regarded as a sign that the weather turned cool and cold. Zhong Qiu Bailu solar terms "dew condensation and white", to the season autumn Cold Dew is "dew cold, will condense" into frost. At this time, the temperature in various places continued to drop. The daily average temperature in the basin is less than 20 ℃. Even in the area along the Yangtze River, the mercury column is difficult to rise above 30 ℃, while the minimum temperature can drop below 10 ℃. Except for a few valley lowlands, the average temperature of pentad (5 days) in West Sichuan Plateau is generally lower than 10 ℃. According to the standard of climatology to divide the four seasons, it is already winter. Thousands of miles of frost and thousands of miles of snow are very different from the autumn colors of the basin. During the perennial period of Cold Dew, the rainfall in the basin also decreased day by day. Most of the basins are about 20 mm in the west and 30 to 40 mm in the east. The continuous rain is very frequent, day and night, Ming Feifei, affecting the "three Autumn" production, has become a kind of disastrous weather in the basin of our province. The climate characteristics accompanied by continuous rain are: high humidity, more clouds, less sunshine, more cloudy days, and foggy days have increased significantly since then. However, whether the autumn rain is serious or not directly affects the progress and quality of "Sanqiu". For this reason, on the one hand, we should make use of weather forecasts to harvest and sow seeds in sunny days; on the other hand, we should also take measures in accordance with local conditions and take various effective farming measures such as deep ditches and towers to reduce wet damage and improve sowing quality. In the plateau area, before and after Cold Dew is one of the most serious snow damage seasons, snow blocking traffic, endangering animal husbandry production, should pay attention to.

There is a golden autumn in the south of the Yangtze River, there has been frost in the north, and it began to snow in the north. China is too big to be generalized. Pay attention to "pay attention all the time" and deal with it as needed. Cold-resistant fertilizer can be applied in the north and slow down for a few days in the south.

Frosts Descent

Frosts Descent's solar terms mean that the weather is getting colder and frost begins to fall. In the Sichuan Basin with southern latitudes, the average temperature is about 16 ℃, and there are still three solar terms before the first frost date. In the southern valley of the basin, frost can not be seen until the middle of winter. Of course, even at the same latitude, the first frost period and the number of frost days are different because of the difference in altitude and topography and the difference in the temperature and humidity of the ground air. From a scientific point of view, the saying that "dew turns into frost" is not accurate. The frozen dew formed by the freezing of dewdrops is a hard little ice drop. Frost refers to the phenomenon of crop frost injury caused by a sharp drop in temperature, and its damage temperature varies with different crops, varieties and growth stages, while to form frost, the temperature of the ground or ground must be below 0 ℃, and the content of water vapor in the air in the ground must reach a certain degree. Therefore, frost does not necessarily occur when frost occurs, and frost does not necessarily occur when frost occurs. However, because the temperature when seeing the frost is already relatively low, if it continues to cool, it will easily lead to frost. After Frosts Descent, the basin of our province began to dig red oysters in large quantities. If the harvest is too early, the vetch block has not been fully expanded, it will affect the yield; but if the harvest is too late, it may suffer from early frost damage, vetch block deterioration, not resistant to storage, so timely digging is very important. Su Shi, a great writer of the Northern Song Dynasty, said in a poem: "A thousand trees sweep to make a yellow, only hibiscus alone." Sichuan Basin has a mild climate. During the period of Frosts Descent, Tian Chou was green, orange, yellow, orange and green, autumn chrysanthemum was in full bloom, and the tree hibiscus was in full bloom, making the rich "Tianfu" more gorgeous.

As the weather gets colder and colder, the cold spell in the north begins to invade the south. Sunshade can be avoided. Cold weather should not be watered in the head, but should be watered slowly several times along the edge of the basin to prevent "false penetration". If there is an autumn pole, you can apply the fertilizer for the last time this year.

The Beginning of Winter

When it comes to "winter", it is natural to think of cold. "the beginning of establishment" means that winter begins from then on. On the day of the Beginning of Winter, the water began to freeze and the earth began to freeze. Nowadays, people often use the cold north wind and cold frost and snow as the symbol of winter. There is also little frost and snow in the basin of our province, so in climatology, we don't always take "the Beginning of Winter" as the beginning of winter, but divide the season by air temperature, that is, the average temperature (5 days) is lower than 10 ℃ as winter, so it is more suitable for the phenological landscape at that time. The basin of our province in the Beginning of Winter season is still in the busy period of "three Autumn", and the average temperature is generally 12 ℃ to 15 ℃. The rain is over. The climatic conditions are suitable for transplanting rape. Wheat with shorter growing period and stronger spring character should also be sown, because there are strong cold air attacks in the later stage of the Beginning of Winter, and the temperature often drops greatly. If the temperature after sowing is low, the emergence of seedlings is slow, and the yield is insufficient, it will affect the yield. When the daily average temperature is lower than 15 ℃, the growth has gradually stopped and should be harvested in time. The Beginning of Winter had early frost in some years in the northwest of the basin, and he had to dig the cellar early to avoid freezing damage. At this time, the plateau is already a dry season, the humidity is decreasing rapidly and the wind speed is increasing, so we must be highly vigilant against forest fire danger.

The cold air came frequently, and there was already a chill. Bluegrass can enter the room one after another (according to variety). Reduce watering, dry and then pour 60% water. No fertilizer.

Lesser Snow

Lesser Snow said that the starting time and extent of the snow. Snow is the product of cold weather. Lesser Snow solar terms, northern Sichuan Basin began to enter winter. "there is no rain cover at the end of the lotus, and the chrysanthemum still has frost branches", showing the scene of early winter. Because there are Qinling Mountains and Dabashan barriers to the north, preventing the invasion of cold air and reducing the severe power of the cold wave, the basin has a "warm winter". The number of snow days in the whole year is less than 5 days, which is much less than that in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River at the same latitude. There are very few opportunities for snow before heavy snow, and even in the middle of winter, it is rare to see the charming scenery of "like thousands of trees in full bloom". Because the temperature in the near surface layer of the basin is often kept above 0 ℃ in winter, snow cover is more difficult than snow fall. Although occasionally see the sky "swirling", but do not see the ground "broken Qiong chaos jade". However, in the cold western Sichuan plateau, it usually begins to snow in October. The number of snow days in the northwest of the plateau can reach more than 60 days throughout the year, and it is possible to snow in some alpine areas throughout the year. During the period of Lesser Snow, the first frost can generally be seen in the northwest of the basin, so it is necessary to prevent the harm of frost to crops. In the northern part of Gansu and Afghanistan, the lowest temperature is mostly around minus 15 ℃, so livestock should be protected from cold and warmth.

Bluegrass enters the house, watering less and pruning withered branches and leaves. Turn the basin and wash the roots of the sick and weak bluegrass and put it back on the pot with "returning the soul soil". Clean, wash and disinfect the orchid room.

21. Heavy Snow

"heavy snow" indicates that the snow is beginning to fall heavily at this time. Sichuan Basin has a mild climate with little rain and snow in winter. The average temperature is about 2 ℃ to 4 ℃ higher than that in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the rainfall accounts for only about 5% of the whole year. Occasional snow falls, mostly in January or February; snow cover on the ground is rarely seen once in three or five years. If you can see the snow on the earth, green trees decorated with silver jade, is often an unforgettable interesting thing. "auspicious snow indicates a bumper year" is a widely spread agricultural proverb in our country. In the north, a thick and loose layer of snow is like a quilt for wheat to keep out the cold. The nitrogen compound in snow is 4 times more than that of Rain Water. After slowly melting, the snow seeps into the soil, which can increase the nitrogen in the soil and is easy to be absorbed and utilized by crops. The low temperature of snow water can kill the overwintering pests on the surface of the ground, which also brings benefits to agricultural production. However, in the south, if there is a sunny night after snow, there will be more ground heat loss, which will lead to frost injury, resulting in a certain loss of crops such as wild beans and beans. The average temperature in the basin of our province is still between 8 ℃ and 9 ℃, and wheat and rape can still grow slowly, so it is necessary to strengthen field management to prevent frost injury. During the period of heavy snow, the precipitation in the basin is mostly less than 15 mm, and the western part of the basin is less than 5 mm, which is already a "winter dry" period. At this time, the climate of the basin is also foggy, and December is generally the month with the most foggy days. Fog usually occurs in the early morning when it is cloudless or cloudless at night, which is called radiation fog in meteorology. As the saying goes, "Ten fog and nine sunny days". Most of the fog dissipates before noon, and the afternoon sun will look particularly warm.

There is nothing wrong with the orchid room, pay attention to water control. The day is short and the night is long, you can read and learn orchid art at night. Take notes on the orchid events of the year. Clean up empty pots and plant materials, and prepare to buy mountain grass.

The Winter Solstice

The Winter Solstice is divided by astronomical solar terms, known in ancient times as "days are short" and "days are as short as". The Winter Solstice, on this day, the sun is located at 270 degrees longitude, and the sun shines almost directly on the Tropic of Cancer, which is the shortest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere. There are no 10 hours from sunrise to sunrise in all parts of our province. After the Winter Solstice, as the earth moved in orbit around the sun, the direct sunlight zone gradually moved northward, increasing the day and shortening the night in the northern hemisphere. Although the Winter Solstice's solar engineering is the lowest, the sunshine time is the shortest, and the heat absorbed by the ground is less than the heat lost, the heat accumulated by the ground for a long time in the past continues to lose, and the temperature near the ground has not yet dropped to the lowest, so this is not the coldest time of the year. After the Winter Solstice, although the days are getting longer and the nights are getting shorter, the days are still shorter and the nights are longer in the short term, and the heat absorbed by the ground every day is still less than the heat lost, so the temperature does not rise immediately. The masses are used to "counting nine" from the winter solstice, with a "nine" every nine days. Before and after "39", the ground stores the least heat and the weather is the coldest, so it is said that "it is cold in 39". Astronomically, the Winter Solstice is regarded as the beginning of winter, which is obviously too late for most parts of our country. During the period of the Winter Solstice, the average temperature in West Sichuan Plateau was generally below 0 ℃, and that in Sichuan Basin was only about 6 ℃ to 8 ℃. However, in the low-altitude valleys of southwestern Sichuan, even in the coldest early January, the average temperature is still above 10 ℃. It can be said that there is no winter all year round.

It is easy to winter in the south of the Yangtze River, but keep warm in the north. Pay attention to water control in the indoor orchid room of the natural environment. The greenhouse in the north should be dry. The orchid leaves can be gently washed with a soft brush.

Lesser Cold

Cold is cold. Lesser Cold indicates the degree of cold. As the saying goes, "the cold is in the third nine." Most of the "three Nines" are from January 9 to 17, which is also within Lesser Cold's solar terms. But this is only a general rule, and Greater Cold may be colder in a few years. In the winter of 1975, which people still remember, the solar term with the lowest temperature was heavy snow. The basin of our province is obviously warm in winter. In the middle of winter, frost and snow invade to the east of the three Gorges, often freezing, and the lowest temperature is about 10 ℃ below zero. However, the minimum temperature in the northern part of the basin is rarely lower than minus 5 ℃, and the low temperature below 0 ℃ in the southern part of the basin is even more rare. The coldest area in the middle of winter in our province is the northern part of the Sichuan Plateau, the lowest temperature can reach about minus 30 ℃, it is cold, dripping water becomes ice. The low-altitude valley in southwest Sichuan is the warmest place in the middle of winter in our province. The average temperature in January is about 12 ℃, and the low temperature below 0 ℃ may occur in only a few years. In addition, the temperature inversion effect is very significant, so bananas, mangoes and other tropical fruits can grow well. The minimum temperature of the basin in winter is not low, which is beneficial to spring production and suitable for the development of diversified economy. The growth of oranges, which are ordered not to move, is generally required to have a minimum temperature of not less than minus 5 ℃ and an annual temperature higher than 15 ℃, which can be satisfied in most areas of the basin, and there are almost all subtropical plants. Sichuan is known as the "land of abundance", and its unique climatic conditions should be a very important factor.

In the middle of winter, you can put a tank of water in the orchid room. On the one hand, increase the humidity of the orchid room, if you see the surface of the water, thin ice must be heated up to keep warm. Less watering and no fertilizing.

Greater Cold

Like Lesser Cold, Greater Cold is a solar term that characterizes the degree of cold weather. Although several records of modern meteorological observations show that in most parts of China, Greater Cold is not as cold as Little Cold, however, in some years and a few coastal areas, the annual minimum temperature will still appear in Greater Cold's solar terms. In Greater Cold season, the average temperature in the basin of our province is mostly 6 ℃ to 8 ℃, which is nearly 1 ℃ higher than Lesser Cold. The proverb "Lesser Cold Greater Cold, cold into a mass" shows that Greater Cold's solar terms are also a cold period of the year. Therefore, to continue to do a good job in cold prevention of crops, special attention should be paid to the safety of livestock through the winter.

For some crops, appropriate low temperatures are needed during a certain growth period. Winter wheat, rape, through the vernalization stage requires a lower temperature, otherwise it can not grow and develop normally. Winter is warm all the year round in the basin of our province, wheat and rape sown prematurely are often too prosperous, jointing and bolting ahead of time, the cold resistance is greatly weakened, and they are vulnerable to the harm of low temperature frost. It can be seen that selecting crop varieties according to local conditions, sowing and planting in time, and taking effective promotion and control measures are an important part of winning high yield.

Lesser Cold and Greater Cold are the fewest periods of the year for Rain Water. Greater Cold has solar terms all the year round, and the rainfall is only slightly higher than that in the previous period, with 5 to 10 millimeters in most parts of the basin and only 1 to 5 millimeters in the plateau and mountains of western Sichuan. Although there is little difference in rainfall between the east and west of the province, the eastern part is cloudy and foggy, the western part is sunny, and the weather is very different. The basin is dry in winter, and the water consumption during the period of overwintering is relatively small, and the contradiction between farmland water supply and demand is generally not prominent. However, "Don't blame the rain and snow for the bitter cold. The snow will last until next year." In the case of scarce rain and snow, timely watering in different areas according to different farming habits and conditions is undoubtedly of great benefit to the growth of spring crops.

Winter is already very much, and spring is coming. The bud is ready to move, slightly moisturize the water and prohibit fertilization. Pay attention to turning the basin when basking in the sun in the morning. The buds of tender green varieties should be protected with paper covers.