Orchid cultivation: several changes in Orchid cultivation

Orchid cultivation: several changes in Orchid cultivation

First, the cultivation substrate is soft and hard. Most of the traditional cultivation substrates are humus planting soil, vegetable garden soil and so on. It is difficult to grasp the moisture of these plants, which requires considerable experience, and some substrates also contain some harmful bacteria, fungi and viruses, so it is difficult to grow orchids well. Now, with the renewal of ideas and the development of orchid supporting industry, the cultivation matrix is changing with each passing day. All kinds of granular materials, even broken bricks, pebbles and granular bark, are widely used and effective, most of which are treated at high temperature. there are no harmful bacteria. Of course, in order to increase the water retention of plants, some orchid families in Yunnan generally use granular materials to add a little millet leaves, coconut shells, artemisia branches, peanut shells and so on, which is not only conducive to the control of water division, but also has a certain effect of heat preservation and fertility, and the effect is better.

Second, the selection of the basin is bigger and smaller. In the past, traditional planting used large pots, one cost of plant material, two space, three easy to stagnant water, and fourth, cold soil, easy residual accumulation of fertilizer, poor air permeability and thermal conductivity, resulting in rotten roots and burning tips. Now, most of them choose 10Mel No. 5 black plastic basin, as long as the size can barely accommodate the orchid root, the basin capacity is small, save plant materials, occupy less site, avoid stagnant water and fertilizer, which is conducive to air permeability and heat conduction, and maintain a proper balance of water, gas, heat and fertilizer in the basin to better meet the requirements of orchid growth.

Third, the ramet should be changed into a single plant as much as possible. As the old saying goes, "Lanxi grows in clusters", in fact, it is not always true. In cultivation practice, it is found that the emergence rate of orchids planted in clumps is not ideal, while for orchids with high value, each seedling costs tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands of yuan, one more or one less, the economic benefits are very different; and if you do not change the pot to remove the single orchid plant for a long time, the root system in the middle of a large clump of orchids will rot; in addition, a large pot of orchids planted together, there is a danger of "wiping out the whole army" in case of disease. At the same time, cluster planting is also not conducive to sales, because in recent years, many orchids have been divided into individual orchids, because experienced orchids do not like orchids of this structure, because the value of the old seedlings in the middle is greatly reduced, so if they want to send more seedlings, reduce the risk of cultivation, which is beneficial to sales, in recent years, many orchids have been divided into single plants, and as long as they can be divided into individual ones, they will never be planted in clusters.

In addition, separate planting can also greatly improve the utilization rate of orchid plants. the normal life of an orchid plant is three to five years, and then it will retire its leaves and seedlings. If it is not removed and replanted to cause it to sprout, it will also die naturally; if it is removed and replanted, its resources are effectively utilized. Especially rare varieties, but also to cherish the effective use of each orchid plant.

Fourth, fertilizing organic to inorganic. Most organic fertilizers are grass leaves, bean cakes, fish and shrimp leftovers after retting and spoiling. they taste bad, are easy to carry diseases, and the application amount is difficult to hold. Another kind of orchid also plans to beautify life, and if it is full of odor (balcony or courtyard), it will become a "vilified" life. for this reason, in recent years, many orchids mainly apply inorganic fertilizer to orchids. Choose imported products or urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, king of orchid bacteria, planted whole, hair transplant, magic fertilizer, Huabao, etc., some are rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements, and some are rich in certain fertilizers. It meets the needs of each growth stage of orchids.

Fifth, water management changes from dry to wet. In "dry orchid and wet chrysanthemum", the traditional orchid emphasizes the control of moisture, and the moisture content of plant material is controlled at about 30%, and some are even watered (soaked) only three or five times a year. But the premise is that the basin is large, the soil is many and fine, and the ambient air fluidity is poor. However, orchids have been in a state of water shortage for a long time, which is not conducive to its growth and development. Water is an important part of the orchid plant, accounting for about 80% of the fresh weight of the orchid plant, is an important raw material and medium in the metabolic process, and plays an important role in the life activities of orchids. Water shortage will affect a variety of physiological and biochemical activities of orchids. Therefore, at present, "wet orchid cultivation" is mostly adopted, as long as the plant material is used properly (such as granular material), the size of the pot is appropriate, the environment is ventilated and ventilated, not too much water is watered once in one or two days, or once every three or five days; regular watering can fully exchange plant materials and release nutrients, which is beneficial to the growth of orchids. Especially in the period of new bud germination, a large amount of water is needed to participate in physiological and biochemical functions, and there can be no lack of water, otherwise it is easy for new seedlings to grow slowly or even form rigid seedlings.

Sixth, put the appropriate density to change thinning. The density of orchid pots has not attracted everyone's attention for a long time in the past, but in recent years, many orchid families have realized the advantages and disadvantages and changed from close placement to proper sparse planting in orchid pots. The reasons are roughly as follows: orchid pots are not conducive to observe the growth of orchids and hinder the operation of plant protection, second, it will cause poor ventilation, and third, orchid leaves rub against each other, which may cause mechanical damage and infectious diseases.

Seventh, the temperature in the orchid shed changes from low to high. Old experience has always stressed that the temperature in the orchid shed should be cool, but in practice, people have found that appropriate high temperature is conducive to the rapid growth of orchids, so that they can complete the growth cycle as soon as possible, grow into big seedlings, and sprout new buds as soon as possible. For this reason, many orchid families now attach importance to improving the temperature of the orchid shed, and regard the effective improvement and control of the temperature of the orchid shed and orchid basin as a major event in the design, equipment configuration and usual management. According to the data from several authoritative orchid works, the suitable temperature for orchids is 18 ℃ 28 min. However, the temperature in the orchid shed is high, and if the humidity is too high, it is very easy to cause orchid disease. therefore, growers who raise the temperature in the orchid shed should make great efforts to control the orchid disease.

Eighth, the blue shed shades the sun and changes the shade into the shade. In the past, the construction of the orchid shed overemphasized that "all things grow on the sun." they always liked to let orchids grow in an environment where the sun was abundant or even intense. as a result, it was easy to let the strong sunlight burn the orchid leaves and seedlings, the leaves were yellow, and the appearance was not good. And the orchids with strong light have more flowers, and the seedling rate is low. Nowadays, many orchid families like to plant in the shade, which can prevent the burnt tip paste leaves of orchids, the seedling water is also green and green, and the appearance is better, at the same time, it also improves the seedling rate.

Of course, the above changes have to be changed and improved according to the local climatic conditions, orchid shed environment, orchid varieties, management ideas, long-term cultivation habits and so on. We must not copy them indiscriminately, let alone act too hastily. Popularize on a large scale without small-scale or pilot-scale tests, rashly follow the trend. After all, "practice is the only criterion for testing truth." if your orchids have been planted very well. Then you don't have to change it easily so as not to make a big mistake.