Types of fertilizers

1. Types of fertilizer:

Fertilizer can be divided into organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, base fertilizer, foliar fertilizer and other types. From the element content can be divided into phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, form has solid and liquid two categories. General fertilizer is sold in local seed stations, and there is fertilizer specially for orchids. It is very easy to use according to the instructions. In addition to the above fertilizers, they can also retting some farm manure, green manure, multi-element fertilizer. Here will be farm manure, green manure, multi-element fertilizer to do a brief introduction:

1, farm manure: with soybeans, peanuts, corn, sesame, bean cake, rapeseed cake, sesame residue and other retting system fertilizer water, this kind of fertilizer water contains potassium, nitrogen more, suitable for spring application, can promote orchid plant cell division, water management method, high seedling rate, this fertilizer by retting fermentation has a pungent smell, and there are a lot of harmful bacteria and insects, to be strictly sterilized insecticides, can add pesticides stuffy week, put a little orange peel before application can eliminate odor. It can be diluted 400-500 times when applied, and it is generally better not to smell.

2, green manure: with cactus, aloe, willow branches and leaves torn after soaking in water ten days after application, hot soaking three days, will survive a large number of small insects, similar to water earthworms, and easy to cause itching hands. Latex gloves should be worn when applying, and more than ten Fufu Dan can be sprinkled on the basin surface. In addition, when the tender peanuts, corn, soybeans washed with skin boiled water is a good green manure, fruit can be eaten, frozen water effect is very good, as appropriate. Timely application.

The above two fertilizers are commonly used fertilizers in spring and early summer, which are very beneficial to seedling growth, but with seasonal changes, fertilizers should also change accordingly. The following is an introduction to the production and use of multi-element fertilizer: after spring, we can make multi-element fertilizer, with beer five liang, yogurt three liang, bean cake water two liang, phosphorus dihydrogen potassium five liang together shake evenly, cover the bottle cap, placed in the sun after 3-4 months of fermentation, water 500 times can be used, this fertilizer contains more phosphoric acid, suitable for breeding buds.

Above we have a general understanding of fertilizer elements, morphology, production, but the correct application is the fundamental place of fertilization, just like watering, watering accurate grasp lies in the understanding of the performance of the plant, fertilization accurate grasp is the understanding of the growth habits of the orchid, so understanding the growth habits of the orchid is very important, the correct fertilization of the orchid has important guiding significance, in view of this, we still have to seriously study the growth habits of the orchid.

Under normal circumstances, the growth of orchid plants can be divided into germination period, growth period, vigorous growth period, stagnation period and hibernation period, and the vigorous growth period can be divided into spring growth period and autumn growth period. All management contents of orchid plant must be implemented on the basis of this basis.

1. Germination period: spring 8-12 degrees Celsius for the germination temperature of orchid plants, in this period of orchid plant root recovery, reeds wake up, last autumn bud, this year's new bud began to sprout, maternal cells began to be active, appropriate topdressing nitrogen fertilizer, can promote maternal cell division, for orchid seedlings laid a good foundation, this period of orchid plant surface without any signs of growth.

2. Growth period: 12-20 ℃ is the normal growth temperature of orchid plant. At this time, the root system of orchid plant begins to stretch. Last autumn bud breaks ground ahead of schedule. The new bud is also eager to try in that year. It is the golden period for the growth and development of orchid plant. At this time, attention should be paid to the water and fertilizer management of orchid plant. It is better to fertilize with complete fertilizer or partial nitrogen fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer should not be too large, otherwise it is easy to cause soft, thin, large leaves of new seedlings, easy to produce carbon maggot disease. At this time, fertilization can be irrigated according to the normal proportion to achieve the purpose of strong buds and strong seedlings, and it is the first time to apply fertilizer according to the amount (deliberate fertilization).

3. Spring growth period: 20-32 degrees Celsius for the vigorous growth of orchid. This period of rapid growth of orchid plants, although orchid plants in such temperature needs a lot of fertility, but we have a period of time before the irrigation of root fertilizer still have different retention in the pot (coarse material left little or no, still need to continue fertilization), so the application of root fertilizer must be thin, can increase the application of foliar fertilizer (2-3 days once), to reduce the risk of temperature rise fertilizer damage orchid plants. At this time, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are mainly applied, complete fertilizer can also be applied, no or less nitrogen fertilizer. During this period of time is the high incidence period of diseases and insect pests, ventilation should be strengthened, and disease and insect prevention and control should be done well.

4. Stagnation period: 32 degrees Celsius or more is the stagnation period of orchid plants, at this time the growth of orchid plants is extremely slow, need fertilizer corresponding reduction. When the temperature reaches 30 degrees Celsius, seize the opportunity to increase the amount of watering, repeatedly irrigate 2-3 times each time, take away the residual fertility in the orchid pot with large water, repeat 2-3 times so as to make the planting materials in the pot light and moderate, which is an important measure for orchid plants to spend summer safely. In the absence of special conditions environment, Futian orchids do not enjoy air conditioning, otherwise harmful to orchids.

5. Autumn growth period: autumn 32-20 degrees Celsius for the vigorous growth period of orchid plants, at this time the new seedlings of orchid plants can be divided into two situations, one is the early germination of orchid plants, at this time has basically become seedlings, they are seizing the opportunity to consolidate and enrich the reed head, the reed head consolidated and enriched after differentiation of small buds, some of the strong seedlings in the year before hibernation can differentiate young buds 1-2 inches high or even larger. One is the late sprouting of new shoots, which are not yet fully formed, and they are now seizing the opportunity to replenish themselves. Because we dilute the plant material in summer, and at this time the orchid plant needs a lot of fertility, therefore, should be timely irrigation root fertilizer (the second deliberate fertilization), mainly phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, this kind of seedlings can still develop into strong grass, but the year rarely differentiation of new shoots, even if there will not be unearthed.

6. Hibernation period: 8 degrees Celsius below the basic stop growth of orchid plants and then enter hibernation, hibernation period of orchid plant management is the most simple and worry, but, when appropriate, still spray foliar fertilizer, hibernation period to stop applying root fertilizer, foliar fertilizer can be sprayed 2-3 times a month. Hibernation period should keep foliar surface clean, usable 1/2000 rice vinegar is wiped.

7. About the use of base fertilizer is not absolute, in addition to hard plant material, the author does not agree with the use of base fertilizer, we commonly used in the mixed plant material there are a lot of organic matter, such as pine needles, sawdust, bark and so on can be converted into organic fertilizer, the use of base fertilizer in the mixture once the fertility surplus, may bring disaster to the orchid plant, and fertility deficiency We can supplement and adjust at any time, even if a small amount of fertilizer shortage, it will not cause a big impact on the orchid plant, therefore, base fertilizer or not for good.

Obviously, fertilization of orchid plants is closely related to climate and temperature. Only when fertilization timing is well grasped and fertility is moderate can the purpose of fertilization be achieved. In addition, fertilization can not be widely scattered pepper surface, according to the circumstances of the application. Under normal circumstances, newly divided orchid plants, new orchid plants, new grass, sick seedlings and newly planted potted orchid plants, do not fertilize, normal orchid plants after a spring and summer, autumn fertilization can be included in normal management, sick seedlings according to the growth of orchid plants to choose fertilizer types and application methods. Under normal circumstances, weak seedlings should be planted deeply in small pots, germs should be planted shallow in small pots, base plants should not be too deep, fertilizer should be reduced by 2-3 times, mainly spraying leaves. General art grass do not fertilize, need to fertilize can spray a small amount of potassium phosphate dioxide, try not to apply nitrogen so as not to increase green leaf pigment and affect leaf art brightness. (Song Mingyuan)