Half-moon talk: torture Agricultural new business type's "growth Perplexity"

At present, all kinds of agriculture, such as urban leisure agriculture, new business type is thriving. However, in the process of its growth, with the increasingly close integration with capital, labor, land and other factors, some policy puzzles have also emerged: some urban agricultural projects are unable to obtain land indicators, which directly play a "brush ball" of land policy. even illegal land use; some agricultural subsidy policies are not effective and lack of support for the development of large-scale agriculture. Some agricultural projects have accumulated a large number of fixed assets on the land, but they can not become effective collateral and become "dead assets" without financing function. Under the reform thinking, how to deal with the "growth bewilderment" of Agricultural new business type?

The index of land shortage in urban agriculture, "edge ball" appears frequently.

Shady trees in front of the mountain, landscape corridors, pavilions and pavilions built around the lake, pleasant scenery; at the foot of the mountain covers an area of more than 1 mu of flowers and plants show a rural residential style, antique, supporting theme restaurants, for tourists to eat, entertainment; more than 400 mu of woodland on the mountain planted bayberry, cherry blossoms, etc., for picking and viewing. An agricultural tourism park in a district of Chongqing was built in 2012, with a cumulative investment of more than 30 million yuan, supporting the development of leisure tourism on the basis of characteristic and benefit agriculture.

After years of investment, the project has matured. However, the owner Zhang Tianxin (a pseudonym) admitted that he was always uneasy, because the tourist park set up a theme restaurant and housing in the name of temporary production housing and agricultural ancillary facilities, and played a "brush ball" on the land policy.

Zhang Tianxin told the reporter: "before the transfer, most of the land in the sightseeing park was abandoned. Due to the relatively high transfer rent, farmers acquiesced to our behavior of building houses, but there was a time limit for the transfer of land, and the change of agricultural land use also violated the rules." As soon as the contract expires, what should the farmers do when they ask for the return of the land in its original form? If the land law enforcement department comes to investigate and deal with it and asks for the house to be demolished, what should we do? "

Compared with building houses directly in the name of agricultural ancillary facilities, some projects are more "ingenious". A half-moon reporter recently interviewed a farm in Chongqing and saw more than 10 wooden "farm hostels" built around the lake, with buildings one or two meters from the ground, supported by steel frames. The person in charge of Nongjiale said: "the reason why we have to pick the air to build houses is because the policy stipulates that agricultural land cannot change its use and nature, and agricultural tourism supporting facilities must be built." Weighing the policy boundary and the actual demand, the risk of building wooden houses from the ground is less. If the government comes to investigate, the cost of house demolition and reclamation will be lower. "

The problem of "edge ball" of urban sightseeing agricultural project land is frequent, which is not only related to the non-standard investment of the project and stepping on the red line, but also some reasonable demand for construction land can not be met, forcing many people to choose to "go around the policy".

"there is an objective demand for giving full play to the functions of agricultural leisure, sightseeing and tourism, extending the industrial chain, and building supporting houses and facilities. However, agricultural construction land is strictly controlled, touching the red line, the risk is very great. " Chongqing Liangjiang Yilong Industrial Development Company has transferred more than 2000 mu of land to develop flower seedlings and organic agricultural products. General Manager Yin Shilin said: "the company had planned to rely on the cultivation of organic agricultural products to develop picking experience and tourism projects, and the added value of agricultural products could be greatly increased. Because the land use indicators could not be landed and supporting facilities could not be built, they had to give up."

The subsidy policy for large households is difficult to "land", and fixed investment becomes a "dead asset".

The growth of urban tourism agriculture needs land use indicators, while large-scale grain production needs government subsidies. In Chongqing, many farmers report that there are many problems with subsidies for large grain growers when they "hit the ground."

In order to stabilize grain production and offset the adverse effects of rising costs on grain cultivation, Chongqing has implemented subsidies for large grain growers in recent years, with subsidies of 160 yuan per mu for those with a scale of 50 mu to 100 mu, and 230 yuan per mu for those with a scale of more than 100 mu. At the grass-roots level, the subsidies of large households have encountered the realistic embarrassment of sharing profits among retail investors: although farmers who have transferred out of their land do not grow grain, they also require them to share the subsidy funds of large households according to the agricultural subsidies and direct grain subsidies that other grain farmers can enjoy.

"in recent years, the state has introduced a lot of subsidy policies, which grain farmers welcome from the bottom of their hearts. The subsidy is based on the contracted area to supply the land contractor, not us actual tillers. " Hu Yonggang, a big grain grower in Liangping County, said that when the farmers in the village subcontract their land to us, in addition to collecting rent, they have to cut a piece of the subsidy and return it to the farmers. Those who do not grow grain can get 150 yuan per mu, while those who grow grain can get only 10 yuan per mu, which is somewhat dampening to the enthusiasm of those of us who insist on farming.

"the effect of the implementation of the policy of benefiting farmers depends not only on the intensity and scope of government capital investment, but also on the relationship between farmers' interests and farmland rights. For example, in land transfer, although the rights of land use and management are transferred to large households, retail farmers still retain the right to contract land. Under the background of weak binding force of rural contracts, if large households cannot meet the interests of retail investors, retail investors are likely to recover their land. " Liu Baofan, deputy director of the Committee of Agriculture of Dianjiang County, Chongqing, said that it is very difficult for the government to implement the requirement that "whoever grows grain will be subsidized." In the process of land transfer, there is actually a game of interests between the large investors who transfer to the land and the retail investors, who want to rent the land, usually on the premise of returning part of the subsidy funds.

The reporter found that in addition to agriculture-related subsidies, some of the current rural financial policies are also not conducive to the growth of agricultural new business type. For example, with the acceleration of land transfer in various places, more and more ancillary facilities and production management houses have been built for agricultural production. However, due to the lack of clear property rights, these "precipitated" assets on the land have caused widespread concern among large agricultural households.

Since its construction in 2008, Chongqing Jiangjin Modern Agricultural Park has settled in more than 50 leading agricultural enterprises, forming characteristic industries such as high-quality grain and oil, late-maturing citrus, flowers and seedlings. "on the one hand, agricultural development is short of funds, on the other hand, even if there is capital investment, it is difficult to obtain protection, unable to circulate financing, and has become a 'dead asset'." Talking about the financing bottleneck of agricultural projects, Liu Yuzhong, the administrative committee of the park, said that in order to solve this problem, the government has also come up with many "local measures", such as different investment projects such as rural roads, water conservancy facilities, trees, and supporting facilities for agricultural production. Agriculture-related departments at the district level can issue investment certificates to enterprises to lower the threshold for bank loans. Even with these measures, financial institutions still do not recognize the fixed assets formed by agricultural investment as effective collateral, and financing is still difficult.

Classify policies and optimize the policy framework to break the awkward status quo

At present, the policies of rural land, finance and subsidies are related to the sustained and healthy development of modern agriculture. In the view of people in the industry, in order to solve these policy puzzles in the growth of agricultural new business type, we need to adopt classified measures and prescribe the right medicine based on the actual situation of agriculture and rural development.

Taking the construction and utilization of rural land as an example, special policy documents should be issued, on the one hand, highlight the role of "standardization and guidance" of policies, adhere to red-line thinking, and set bottom lines such as cultivated land protection, industrial access, environmental protection, and distribution of farmers' interests. Agricultural project construction follows the requirements of industrial development planning and defines the direction of management. On the other hand, a certain proportion of land use indicators are designated to meet the development needs of modern agriculture.

At the same time, with the development of modern agriculture, the investment in agricultural fixed assets must be larger and larger, and the clarity of relevant property rights needs to be comprehensively considered by decision-makers. It is understood that in order to promote the clarity of ownership of rural fixed assets, government departments in Chongqing, Shandong and other places have begun to pilot to explore issuing relevant property rights certificates to investment owners to determine property rights attributes such as asset investment quota, area, and validity period. However, these provisions are made under the background that the relevant laws and policies at the national level have not been adjusted, and they belong to the spontaneous exploration behavior of local governments, and some of them are not standard and imperfect.

People in the industry believe that in the ongoing reform of the rural property right system, we should clarify not only the ownership of the land itself, but also the ownership of the fixed assets attached to the land, through system innovation and policy adjustment, further answer the questions such as how to determine the rights of fixed assets such as agricultural ancillary facilities and houses for production management, how to carry out value evaluation and whether mortgage financing can be carried out. To truly stabilize the relations of agricultural production and promote the development of modern agriculture.