Composting principle: kitchen waste composting, how to make composting box is environmentally friendly and practical

Now, we all like the ecological environment is good, there are many people, have made compost, that is, environmental protection and practical use. What about composting? Do you know? Let's take a look.

For composting to be successful, it must provide the right amount of water, air, heat and nutrients to grow in the soil. In order to ensure good ventilation, choose coarse materials or containers with ventilation and drainage equipment, and the composting height should not exceed 1.5 meters and the width should not exceed 2.0 meters. When humidity and ventilation are appropriate, microbial activity can reach its peak and the temperature can reach 40-60 degrees Celsius. C, the activity of high temperature microorganisms reached the highest point, and this condition could kill the pathogenic bacteria.

Make as many composting materials as possible, which can be stacked layer by layer or completely mixed to facilitate ventilation. But do not put the leaves or straw directly on the top of the compost, so that the air will not be able to circulate. In the case of insufficient types of materials, the raw materials can be chopped and mixed with different thicknesses. Additives may include catalysts such as microbial agents, limestone, nitrogen sources and mineral soil. You can also mix thick and thin or soft and hard materials and add rotten old compost or garden dry soil to accelerate composting. Generally, the old compost can be used as a microbial provenance, and there is no need to buy another microbial agent to add, but if the accumulation temperature is not observed in a few days, microbial agent can be added at this time. General microorganisms in a weak acid environment, good vitality, fecundity is also strong, usually do not need to add limestone, adding anti-may inhibit the effect of microorganisms. If necessary, one kilogram can be added for every 100 kilograms of composting material.

Microbial growth needs to absorb all kinds of nutrients, such as the ratio of carbon to nitrogen should be 30: 1. If the proportion of biomass (Biomass) materials such as grasses, leaves, trees and shrubs is too high, nitrogen-containing organic fertilizers such as manure, domestic feces, bone meal and shrimp shell powder should be supplemented to promote fermentation, and 0.75-1kg should be added per 100kg of compost. Composting should be well ventilated, drained and shaded. Compost rack, composting trough and composting shed with lid or plastic cloth can be designed by yourself, or can be replaced by similar box shape of domestic waste. The composting tank is about 2 x 2 x 1.5 meters in length, width and height, and the accumulation mode is as follows:

1. The bottom layer is covered with coarse materials such as tree trunks, branches, flowers and shrubs, which is about 20 centimeters high. do not press tightly to facilitate drainage and ventilation.

two。 Then lay leaves, harvest grasses and other well-mixed materials, if necessary, add the above additions, and then cover with a thin layer of old compost or soil.

3. Repeat step two, stack to 1.5 meters.

4. The surface can be covered with grass, reeds, old paper bags and leaves.

5. Keep compost properly humid and sprinkle water at the right time.

Use a self-designed composting rack, composting tank and composting shed with a lid or plastic cloth, generally made of wood, iron, wire mesh or concrete in a circular or square shape. There are gaps or holes around it to facilitate ventilation, the composting method is like the previous step, and the composting process needs to turn over and add water. The accumulation time of compost is one or two months fast and three or four months slow. If the time is too long in winter, the decay can be quickly decomposed into overripe compost. Other composting methods include the use of earthworms to decompose organic matter, the production of earthworm manure composting, fecal composting, stacking composting, etc., because it requires a longer space, time or more special treatment technology, it is not recommended for the general public to try. The importance of composting to plants and soil ecology will not be repeated here. In order for plants to grow smoothly, balanced nutrients should be provided in the soil for absorption and utilization. Reasonable fertilizer composition for different cultivated plants is still a necessary step!