How to grow Citrus: citrus planting techniques, Citrus cultivation and Management techniques

Organic cultivation of citrus

Do you like citrus fruits? If you like, do you want to plant it yourself? In fact, if you grow your own, it is not very difficult, you might as well take a look at the following planting introduction. Organic citrus orchards must have good environmental conditions, and there must be no air pollution, water pollution and soil pollution. The fruit grown in this way is also more beneficial to the body.

I. selection and maintenance of environmental conditions

The oranges referred to here include Ponkan, barrel mandarin, willow, sweet orange, grapefruit, Wendan and other citrus. Organic citrus orchards must have good environmental conditions, and there must be no air pollution, water pollution and soil pollution. In the process of farming, chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides are not used at all or as little as possible, but all kinds of plant residues, livestock manure, green manure and other unpolluted organic wastes, natural mineral powder and beneficial microorganisms inside and outside the farm are fully utilized to avoid harming the soil, water resources and the ecological environment, so as to maintain sustainable agricultural production and provide good quality and high safety. Citrus species that are beneficial to human health. The above-mentioned cultivation method without chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides is called pure organic farming, and the cultivation method with less use of chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides is called quasi-organic farming. However, a small amount of chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides in quasi-organic farming are recommended to be used from harvest to flowering, and the natural prevention and control method should be adopted after the results, and there shall not be any chemical pesticide residues in its products. Considering the management cost and product quality, it is more feasible to adopt quasi-organic farming method for citrus.

Second, adopt grass cultivation and do not use herbicides

Citrus is particularly sensitive to herbicides. After the use of herbicides, citrus is easy to die or produce poor growth, which has a serious impact on the yield and quality of citrus, and some thread plants are also easy to be produced in orchards where herbicides are used. although it can be temporarily prevented after the application of biocide, it will continue to recur after the effect, and the leaves and fruits will really yellowing and falling. After the adoption of grass cultivation, because most grasses are raw materials, its roots can not only gradually soften the orchard soil, but also eliminate soil nematodes and pathogens. After fertilization, as long as a large amount of organic fertilizer, lime and other soil improvement materials are applied on the grass, it can be gradually absorbed by the fruit trees. When adopting grass cultivation, we should try our best to remove wild weeds such as Artemisia angustifolia, Cimei grass, lice mother head, barnyardgrass, soil incense, chicken vine, wild morning glory and so on, leaving mild weeds such as Saxifraga, clematis, carpet grass, etc., so that earthworms and other beneficial microorganisms and small animals in the soil will reproduce naturally, and the soil will gradually soften, so as to facilitate fertilization and normal growth and absorption of nutrients in citrus roots. When the weeds are too high, mechanical cutting is appropriate, and no herbicides are used. if the local dwarf grass is fully planted, there is no need to mow the grass all year round.

III. Fertilization and pest control

The fertilization and pest control of citrus vary greatly with different growth stages. Usually, efforts should be made to restore the tree potential, cultivate flower buds and thoroughly control the diseases and insect pests which are difficult to control immediately after harvest; the young and middle fruit stage should promote the growth of fruit and control diseases and insect pests; results in the later stage, efforts should be made to improve the sugar content and quality of fruit, which are described as follows:

1. Fertilization and pest control after harvest

The first task after citrus harvest is the restoration of tree potential, so we should irrigate and fertilize as soon as possible, especially apply appropriate amount of available nitrogen fertilizer. Generally, organic liquid fertilizer made from oil meal or other available nitrogen fertilizer such as urea or blood powder can be used. After a little more time, the complete organic fertilizer and some soil improvement materials containing phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and other soil improvement materials were applied as base fertilizer. Organic fertilizer can choose some crude organic, fine organic and soil improvement materials and start mixing and stacking less than two months before use. The main crude organic compounds are rice husk, rice straw, bagasse, sawdust, leaves, peat and so on. Fine organic include pig dung, cow dung, sheep dung, oil meal (soybean meal, peanut meal, sesame meal, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, castor meal, etc.), rice bran, bone meal, seabird dung or phosphate rock powder, seaweed powder, shrimp and crab shell powder and so on. Soil improvers include dolomite powder, limestone powder, magnolia powder, bitter soil lime, hydrated lime, peel ash, fluctuating stone, Maifan stone, rice charcoal, charcoal chips, beneficial microorganisms (black sugar enzyme), etc.; the above materials can be used according to the economic cost, whether the materials are convenient or not. Except that a small amount (less than 3%) can be added to the production of organic fertilizer, soil improver should be fully applied together as base fertilizer according to the soil condition, and then spray beneficial microorganisms in an all-round way.

Pest control, should inspect the field if it is found that the leaves have obvious yellowing and falling leaves and fruit drop phenomenon, it is very likely to have suffered nematode invasion of the root damage, can be 100 liters of water to add 10 kg of rice bran, shrimp and crab shell powder 5 kg, black sugar 10 kg, comprehensive beneficial microorganisms (black sugar enzyme) 2 liters, so that about half a month after fermentation, add water dilution 50 times, pump extraction with plastic tube irrigation roots.

Many of the yellowing of leaves are caused by nematodes, which can be sprayed with sugar water, which is a comprehensive beneficial microorganism of rice bran.

In order to prevent the occurrence of some diseases and rust ticks, the mixture of 300-400 times lime sulfur should be sprayed frequently, and the spraying time will not cause drug damage in the evening or cloudy days. In order to prevent shell insects, we should choose to spray 400 times of wood vinegar with 100-200 times of high-grade summer oil and 600-800 times of camphor oil (or 500 times of citronella oil and mint oil) in the coldest winter. For those with weak tree potential, high multiple should be used for high summer oil, and low multiple for those with strong tree potential. The interval between the use of lime-sulfur mixture and summer oil should be at least two weeks. About two months before flowering, the flower buds were cultured by spraying 300 times each with comprehensive beneficial microorganisms (black sugar enzyme) and brewed vinegar (400 times wood vinegar). When the sunshine is bad or the temperature is too low about a week before flowering, it is sprayed with 1000 times of boric acid (or another 1000 times of plant amino acid) to improve the fruit setting rate. When new shoots appear, it is easy to produce larvae of leaf miner, poisonous moth, shrimp shell moth and other night moths, which can be controlled by spray synthesis of pyrethrum, thurium and so on.

The damage caused by rust ticks should pay attention to spraying lime sulfur mixture or

Soluble sulfur powder, especially in May.

Shell insects should spray high polar summer oil with camphor oil or

Lime sulfur mixture added citronella oil, neem oil and other control.

two。 Fertilization and Pest Control in Young Fruit stage

In the young fruit stage, the soil should maintain proper moisture and supply appropriate amount of nitrogen organic liquid fertilizer or other nutrients to promote fruit growth. The most convenient method is to apply oil meal liquid fertilizer. For the manufacture of oil meal liquid fertilizer, 6 kg of soybean powder (or rapeseed meal, etc.), 6 kg of rice bran, 1 kg of phosphate rock powder, 2 kg of seaweed powder, 1 liter of animal amino acid, 6 eggs and 12 kg of black sugar can be added to 100 liters of clear water. 2 liters of comprehensive beneficial microorganisms (black sugar enzyme), fully mixed, stirred once a day in the morning and evening After 15-30 days of fermentation, the roots were diluted 50 times with water and 1000 times with humic acid or other nutrients. If soybean powder is used for foliar spraying, 3 kilograms of milk powder can be used for rice bran instead of filtration and diluted with water for about 100 times. Usually about every half a month with comprehensive beneficial microorganisms (black sugar enzyme) 500 times, brewing vinegar 600 times (or wood vinegar 800 times) once. In order to improve insecticidal and germicidal efficacy, brewing vinegar is soaked in 15-20% garlic, pepper, tobacco, wormwood, smelly apricot and so on before use. In order to control fruit flies, citronella oil or peppermint oil is sprayed about 800 times when soaking spray liquid, and thuria spray is added to control night moth larvae. Others, such as fish essence, seaweed essence, amino acid, potassium humate, neem oil, etc., can be sprayed together to help fruit growth or control leaves, and so on. In some poorly managed orchards, rust ticks may occur in the young fruit stage and become black mandarin or pomelo in the later stage. if there is any danger of occurrence, it should be sprayed with 300-400 times wettable sulfur powder as soon as possible.

3. Fertilization and pest control in fruiting period

The management of the fruit period should focus on the improvement of sugar content and quality, and some attention should be paid to diseases and insect pests so as to avoid unintentional damage and ruin all the painstaking efforts of the whole year. At this time, if it often rains or irrigates too much, so that the soil is often wet, it is easy to cause excessive nitrogen and insufficient calcium, thus keeping the pericarp thick, less pulp and lack of juice, so unless the soil is too dry during the fruiting period, try to avoid a lot of irrigation. If organic liquid fertilizer is to be used, high nitrogen quality materials such as soybean powder, milk powder, fish essence and amino acid should be removed completely. Those with poor tree potential can still use rice bran for a lifetime, and those with strong tree potential should not use it either. the manufacturing method of organic liquid fertilizer is as follows: 100 litres of water, 6 kilograms of rice bran, 1 liter of condensed milk, 3 kilograms of phosphate rock or seabird dung, 2 kilograms of seaweed powder, 3 eggs and 10 kilograms of black sugar. 2 liters of comprehensive beneficial microorganism (black sugar enzyme), fully mixed, stirred once a day in the morning and evening, so that the acid fermentation was diluted 50 times with water for about 15-30 days, followed by 1000 times of phosphate, calcium phosphate and manganese sulfate, 2000 times of magnesium heavy phosphate, 2000 times of magnesium heavy phosphate, 2000 times of phosphate, 2000 times of calcium phosphate and 2000 times of grasshopper sulfate, and 3000 times of magnesium heavy phosphate. Before applying liquid fertilizer, one kind of bitter soil lime, hydrated lime or peel ash can be selected arbitrarily, and each plant can be irrigated after about 1 kg.

During the fruiting period, 500 times of comprehensive beneficial microorganisms (black sugar enzyme) and 400 times of brewing vinegar (or 600 times of wood vinegar) can also be sprayed. However, some nitrogen-containing additives such as amino acid and fish essence should be removed and only some nitrogen-free or low-nitrogen materials such as seaweed essence, garlic, pepper, wormwood, smelly apricot, bitter apricot, neem oil, citronella oil, peppermint oil, thurium should be removed. As the damage to fruit flies is more serious at this time, citronella oil and peppermint oil can be used appropriately. In addition, 1000 times of phosphate-potassium and calcium phosphate, 2000 times of magnesium heavy phosphate and 1000 times of manganese sulfate can be added to spray leaves together. Bordeaux liquid can be prepared with 200-300 times spray, and the wettable sulfur powder or lime-sulfur mixture can be used at about the same multiple as the middle fruit period.

4. Fertilization and Pest Control in Middle Fruit stage

After the middle fruit stage, we gradually enter the hot and humid summer, and the diseases and insect pests become more and more serious. in addition to strengthening the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, we should also continue to supply nitrogen liquid fertilizer or other nutrients to help the fruit continue to grow. however, at this time, the nitrogen composition should be increased according to the growth situation, so the high nitrogen soybean powder can be removed when making oil meal liquid fertilizer, using only the following materials, that is, 100 liters of clear water and 3 kilograms of soybean powder. 6 kilograms of rice bran, 3 kilograms of phosphate rock or seabirds dung, 2 kilograms of seaweed powder, 1 liter of animal amino acid, 3 eggs, 10 kilograms of black sugar, 2 liters of comprehensive beneficial microorganisms (black sugar enzyme), fully mix, stir once a day in the morning and evening, after 15-30 days of fermentation, dilute 50 times with water and 1000 times with humic acid or other nutrients. When spraying leaves, soybean powder is changed to soybean milk and rice bran to condensed milk. After being made, the spray blade can be diluted 100 times by adding water.

The use of comprehensive beneficial microorganisms (black sugar enzyme), brewing vinegar, wood vinegar and other additives in the middle fruit stage is the same as that in the young fruit stage, but the use of brewing vinegar is 400 times, wood vinegar is 600 times, and potassium phosphate-potassium phosphate is 2000 times. Magnesium heavy phosphate 3000 times, manganese sulfate 2000 times. In addition, in order to prevent and cure scab, canker, scab, green mold and so on, you can spray lime Bordeaux liquid 300-400 times, once every half a month, start to use high multiple, and then reduce the multiple according to the actual need. In the method of preparing 120 liters of 300 times lime Bordeaux liquid, 400 grams of quicklime are taken by scales, dissolved in about 20 liters of water, and then 400 grams of copper sulfate are dissolved in 100 liters of water. The dissolved copper sulfate water is slowly poured into the quicklime water and stirred to be sprayed. Spraying lime Bordeaux liquid should be avoided in the evening when the air humidity is high or in the climate to reduce drug damage. Usually from late spring to early summer, the temperature rises gradually, and the occurrence of rust ticks will become more and more serious. We should strengthen the injection of wettable sulfur powder or lime sulfur mixture 300-400 times. The effect of wettable sulfur powder on the control of rust ticks is very good, but the control effect of lime-sulfur mixture is better, but it should be used in the evening or cloudy days to reduce the damage. In addition, there is a more frequent period of longicorn beetle activity from May to September, and attention should be paid to prevent longicorn beetles from laying eggs in the tree trunk. Although there are many prevention and control methods, the more convenient method is to spray the tree trunk with 800x camphor oil and 1000 times non-toxic soap powder after emulsification, about once every half a month. If you have entered the tree trunk, you can take camphor oil from cotton and plug it into the cave with plastic tape to seal the hole.

Scab can be sprayed with Bordeaux solution to add neem oil.