How to plant grass flowers: vanilla cultivation techniques, what are the key points of vanilla cultivation?

Organic cultivation and utilization of vanilla plants

Key points of organic cultivation and management of vanilla

I. cultivation and selection of vanilla seedlings

The cultivation of vanilla is very important to the selection of seedlings, and the good quality of seedlings has a great influence on the growth and flowering status of plants in the future. the so-called "semi-cropping" means that it is half successful, whether it is seed cultivation or cutting propagation. We should choose healthy and virus-free seeds or seedlings, with stout stems, green leaves without withered yellow leaves, thick feeling with hand touch, fragrance and exuberant root system. And the white one is the top grade.

The cultivation of vanilla is very important for variety selection. Because different kinds of vanilla have different tolerance to diseases and insect pests, the varieties with resistance to diseases and insect pests are selected, and the crop types are carefully selected according to the growing season, regional characteristics and consumption habits. in summer, it is appropriate to choose the quality of heat resistance, or planting on the slope of high and cold mountains above 1000 meters, which is beneficial to its growth, because vanilla is easy to reproduce and has strong adaptability to the environment. It can be used in organic cultivation. Summer due to high temperature often encountered heavy rain, it is appropriate to use shade 50% black net or facility cultivation, the quality will be better, and the color and fragrance are more bright and rich.

Second, the choice of soil

If there is a healthy soil, there are healthy crops. The cultivated vanilla soil should directly choose the sandy loam which is rich in organic matter, well drained and aerated. The soil acidity is slightly acidic or near neutral (PH 6.5-7). For example, when the acidity is too strong (< PH 5), it must be neutralized with lime.

III. Fattening management

In the current agricultural management in Taiwan, due to the excessive use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, beneficial microorganisms in the soil die, farmland is deteriorated, hardened, acidified, and lack of organic matter and various mineral elements. as a result, the productivity and product quality of bad land are reduced, and organic fertilizers must be supplemented to improve soil fertility and crop quality.

Organic cultivation encourages people to use naturally safe compost to improve soil properties and provide nutrients for crop production. Fibrous materials with high carbon content in agricultural wastes (such as rice straw, rice husk, bark, coconut fiber, sawdust, bagasse, fallen leaves, remnants, etc.) should be mixed with materials with high nitrogen content (livestock manure, scraps, oil meal, bone meal, blood meal, etc.). When the above materials are mixed, suitable beneficial microorganisms, peat, zeolite powder, smoked charcoal, shrimp shell powder and wood vinegar can be added to improve their quality.

Most vanilla crops are wild, and the amount of fertilizer required is not high. If the amount of fertilizer is too much, it is not only easy to get diseases and insect pests, but also affect the unique flavor of vanilla. The amount of organic fertilizer used is about 3 metric tons per hectare of vanilla base fertilizer, 5-10 metric tons of pig manure compost and 10-20 metric tons of cow manure compost (organic fertilizer must be fully mature). The application rate can be adjusted according to soil fertility and vanilla type. If the nutrients are insufficient during the growth period, it is advisable to apply microbial oil meal compost or its leaching solution as a supplement (topdressing).

IV. Natural control methods of diseases and insect pests

The prevention and control of crop diseases and insect pests is considered to be one of the important and difficult links in organic agriculture. although vanilla crops have both pest control and sterilization, diseases and insect pests will also occur. According to the results of the investigation of agricultural improvement farm in Kaohsiung District, aphids, thrips, whitefly, small green night cicada, twill burglar, blight and powdery mildew will occur occasionally due to different species and seasons of vanilla crops, in addition to improving the cultivation environment and management techniques. The use of healthy seedlings and a variety of non-pesticide natural control methods to eliminate or avoid the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.